2024年職稱英語綜合類A級真題及答案
在各領(lǐng)域中，我們會經(jīng)常接觸并使用試題，借助試題可以更好地考查參試者所掌握的知識和技能。還在為找參考試題而苦惱嗎？下面是小編精心整理的2024年職稱英語綜合類A級真題及答案，希望能夠幫助到大家。
職稱英語真題及答案
As a historian who’s always searching for the text or the image that makes us re-evaluate the past, I’ve become preoccupied with looking for photographs that show our Victorian ancestors smiling (what better way to shatter the image of 19th-century prudery?). I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter—they have been causing quite a stir. People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh. They are noting that the Victorians suddenly seem to become more human as the hundred-or-so years that separate us fade away through our common experience of laughter.
Of course, I need to concede that my collection of ‘Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, ... How do we explain this trend?
During the 1840s and 1850s, in the early days of photography, exposure times were notoriously long: the daguerreotype photographic method (producing an image on a silvered copper plate) could take several minutes to complete, .., and so a non-committal blank stare became the norm.
But exposure times were much quicker by the 1880s, and the introduction of the Box Brownie and other portable cameras meant that, though slow by today’s digital standards, the exposure was almost instantaneous. Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile.
One explanation might be the loss of dignity displayed through a cheesy grin. “Nature gave us lips to conceal our teeth,” ran one popular Victorian saying, alluding to the fact that before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene. A flashing set of healthy and clean, regular ‘pearly whites’ was a rare sight in Victorian society, the preserve of the super-rich (and even then, dental hygiene was not guaranteed).
A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class: drunks, tramps and music hall performers might gurn and grin with a smile as wide as Lewis Carroll’s gum-exposing Cheshire Cat, but it was not a becoming look for properly bred persons. Even Mark Twain, a man who enjoyed a hearty laugh, said that when it came to photographic portraits there could be “nothing more damning than a silly, foolish smile fixed forever”.
31. According to Paragraph 1, the author’s posts on Twitter ______.
A. changed people’s impression of the Victorians
B. highlighted social media’s role in Victorian studies
C. re-evaluated the Victorians’ notion of public image
D. illustrated the development of Victorian photography
32. What does the author say about the Victorian portraits he has collected?
A. They are in popular use among historians.
B. They are rare among photographs of that age.
C. They mirror 19th-century social conventions.
D. They show effects of different exposure times.
33. What might have kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the 1890s?
A. Their inherent social sensitiveness.
B. Their tension before the camera.
C. Their distrust of new inventions.
D. Their unhealthy dental condition.
34. Mark Twain is quoted to show that the disapproval of smiles in pictures was ______.
A. a deep-rooted belief
B. a misguided attitude
C. a controversial view
D. a thought-provoking idea
35. Which of the following questions does the text answer?
A. Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?
B. Why did the Victorians start to view photographs?
C. What made photography develop slowly in the Victorian period?
D. How did smiling in photographs become a post-Victorian norm?
31. 【答案】A(changed people’s impression of the Victorians)
【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph 1和the author’s posts on Twitter定位到第一段②句：I’ve found quite a few, and—since I started posting them on Twitter—they have been causing quite a stir。③句進(jìn)一步解釋stir，即People have been surprised to see evidence that Victorians had fun and could, and did, laugh。A項(xiàng)changed people’s impression of the Victorians是對該句的概括。所以本題選A。
32. 【答案】B(They are rare among photographs of that age.)
【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the Victorian portraits he has collected定位到第二段①句中的my collection of ‘Smiling Victorians’ makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900。They are rare among photographs of that age是對makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900的概括總結(jié)。所以本題選B。
33. 【答案】D(Their unhealthy dental condition.)
【解析】本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞kept the Victorians from smiling for pictures in the 1890s定位到第四段②句Spontaneous smiles were relatively easy to capture by the 1890s, so we must look elsewhere for an explanation of why Victorians still hesitated to smile。該句指出在19世紀(jì)90年代，自然的微笑相對容易捕捉，因此需要尋找其他的原因。緊接著第五段作出另一種可能的解釋，其中第五段②句中的before the birth of proper dentistry, mouths were often in a shocking state of hygiene說明了口腔衛(wèi)生狀況常常令人震驚，導(dǎo)致維多利亞人拍照時(shí)不露齒笑，對應(yīng)了Their unhealthy dental condition。所以本題選D。
34. 【答案】A(a deep-root belief)
【解析】本題為例證題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Mark Twain定位到第六段②句，該句引用了Mark Twain的具體話語。再向前尋找他所要證明的觀點(diǎn)，從而定位到第六段①句A toothy grin (especially when there were gaps or blackened teeth) lacked class，即“露齒微笑缺少修養(yǎng)”，這是一種根深蒂固的觀念，對應(yīng)A項(xiàng)a deep-root belief。所以本題選A。
35. 【答案】A(Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?)
【解析】本題為主旨大意題。全文前兩段提出維多利亞時(shí)代人們拍照時(shí)普遍不會微笑這一現(xiàn)象，接下來第三段至第六段分別從曝光時(shí)間，牙齒健康狀況以及固有觀念這三方面分析現(xiàn)象背后的原因，因此A項(xiàng)Why did most Victorians look stern in photographs?是對原文主旨的概括。所以本題選A。
職稱英語綜合類真題及答案
There is growing interest in East Japan Railway Co. ltd，one of the six companies，created out of the privatized nationa__l__ railway system. In an industry lacking exciting growth1，its plan to use real-estate assets in and around train stations__2__is drawing interest.
In a plan calledStation Renaissancethat it__3__in November，JR East said that it would__4__using its commercial spaces for shops and restaurants，extending them to__5__more suitable for the information age. It wants train stations as pick-up__6__for such goods as books，flowers and groceries__7__over the Internet. In a country where city__8__depend heavily on trains__9__commuting，about 16 million people a day go to its train stations anyway，the company __10__. So，picking up commodities at train stations__11__consumers extra travel and missed home deliveries. JR East already has been using its station__12__stores for this purpose，but it plans to create__13__spaces for the delivery of Internet goods.
The company also plans to introduce __14__cardsknown in Japan as IC cards because they use integrated circuit for__15__information__16__ train tickets and commuter passes__17__the magnetic ones used today，integrating them into a/an __18__pass. This will save the company money，because__19__for IC cards are much less expensive than magnetic systems. Increased use of IC cards should also__20__the space needed for ticket vending.
1.[A] perspectives [B] outlooks [C] prospects [D] spectacles
2.[A] creatively [B] originally [C] authentically [D] initially
3.[A] displayed [B] demonstrated [C] embarked [D] unveiled
4.[A] go beyond [B] set out [C] come around [D] spread over
5.[A] applications [B] enterprises [C] functions [D]performances
6.[A] districts [B] vicinities [C] resorts [D] locations
7.[A] acquired [B] purchased [C] presided [D] attained
8.[A] lodgers [B] tenants [C] dwellers [D] boarders
9.[A] for [B] in [C] of [D] as
10.[A] figures [B] exhibits [C] convinces [D] speculates
11.[A] deprives [B] retrieves [C] spares [D] exempts
12.[A] conjunction [B] convenience [C] department [D] ornament
13.[A] delegated [B] designated [C] devoted [D] dedicated
14.[A] clever [B] smart [C] ingenious [D] intelligent
15.[A] checking [B] gathering [C] holding [D] accommodating
16.[A] as [B] for [C] with [D] of
17.[A] but for [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than
18.[A] unique [B] single [C] unitary [D] only
19.[A] devices [B] instruments [C] readers [D] examiners
20.[A] reduce [B] narrow [C] dwarf [D] shrink
答案
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A
11.C 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.A
總體分析
本文介紹了東日本鐵路公司引人關(guān)注的新計(jì)劃。文章第一段介紹說東日本鐵路公司創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍房地產(chǎn)的計(jì)劃正引起越來越多人的關(guān)注。第二段具體介紹了這一計(jì)劃的內(nèi)容及好處，即適應(yīng)信息時(shí)代的要求，把車站作為網(wǎng)上購物的物品收取地，這樣既為消費(fèi)者提供了方便，又提高了遞送物品的安全性。第三段介紹了該公司引入智能卡代替目前使用的各種磁卡作車票的計(jì)劃及其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
全文翻譯
通過國家鐵路系統(tǒng)的私有化創(chuàng)建起來的六大公司之一的東日本鐵路有限公司，正吸引著越來越多人的目光。在一個(gè)發(fā)展前景不振的行業(yè)，它創(chuàng)造性地利用車站內(nèi)部及周圍的房地產(chǎn)的計(jì)劃正引起人們的關(guān)注。
東日本鐵路在11月份公布的車站復(fù)興計(jì)劃中說：它將不僅把它的商業(yè)空地用于開商店和餐館，而且還要把這些商業(yè)空地用于更加適應(yīng)信息時(shí)代的功能上去。它打算把車站作為網(wǎng)上所購物品如書籍、花卉和日用百貨等的收取地。該公司估算，在一個(gè)都市人嚴(yán)重依賴列車作為上下班交通工具的國度里，每天大約有1600萬人因各種原因來到它的車站。因此，在車站收取物品使消費(fèi)者節(jié)省了路途而且也不像往家里遞送那樣容易丟失。東日本鐵路已經(jīng)開始把車站的便利店用于這一目的，但它打算為網(wǎng)上貨物的遞送創(chuàng)立專門的空間。
該公司還打算引入智能卡(在日本稱為IC卡，因?yàn)樗鼈兝眉呻娐穬Υ嫘畔?取代目前使用的磁卡作為車票和定期券，把各種不同的票券合為一體。這將為公司節(jié)省資金，因?yàn)镮C卡的讀卡機(jī)比磁系統(tǒng)要便宜的多。IC卡使用的增加還將會減少售票所占用的空間
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