2018考研英語完型填空備考試題

　　備考題一：

　　Smoking may be a pleasure for some people. 1 ,it is a serious source of 2 for their fellows. Now medical authorities express their 3 about the effect of smoking 4 the health not only of those who smoke but also those who do not . 5 ,nonsmokers who must 6 inhale the air polluted by tobacco smoke may 7 more than the smokers themselves.

　　As you are 8 informed, a considerable number of students have 9 in a effort to 10 the university to 11 smoking in the classroom. I believe they are 12 right in their aim. However, I would hope that it is 13 to achieve this by calling 14 the smokers to use good judgment and show concern for other 15 than by regulation.

　　Smoking is 16 by city bylaws in theatres and in halls used for showing films as well as in laboratories where there may be a fire hazard. 17 , it is up to you good 18 .

　　I am therefore asking you to 19 “No smoking” in the auditoriums, classrooms and seminar rooms. This will prove that you have the nonsmoker’s health and well-being 20 ,which is very important to a large number of our students.

　　1. A. HenceB. HoweverC. Anyway D. Furthermore

　　2. A. joyB. discomfortC. convenienceD. relief

　　3. A. considerationB. attentionC. belief D. concern

　　4. A. againstB. forC. inD. on

　　5. A. In consequenceB. On the other handC. In factD. After all

　　6. A. instinctivelyB. instantlyC. spontaneouslyD. reluctantly

　　7. A. sufferB. subjectC. submitD. sustain

　　8. A. certainB. sureC. doubtlessD. right

　　9. A. enteredB. joinedC. attendedD. involved

　　10. A. reasonB. persuade C. argueD. suggest

　　11. A. stopB. objectC. banD. prevent

　　12. A. entirelyB. likelyC. generallyD. possibly

　　13. A. likelyB. probableC. properD. possible

　　14. A. outB. forC. onD. up

　　15. A. ratherB. betterC. moreD. other

　　16. A. prohibitedB. protectedC. reservedD. cleared

　　17. A. FurthermoreB. ConsequentlyC. NeverthelessD. Elsewhere

　　18. A. ideaB. dutyC. senseD. responsibility

　　19. A. persistB. maintainC. stickD. adhere

　　20. A. in mindB. in headC. in heartD. in memory

　　參考答案及解析：

　　1. 【答案】B. However

　　【解析】本題測試邏輯搭配. however 然而，正合題意。hence 因此;anyway(=in any case, at any rate) 無論如何;furthermore 而且，此外。根據(jù)邏輯意思應(yīng)選 B. However。

　　2. 【答案】B. discomfort

　　【解析】本題測試邏輯型詞義搭配. 從上文意思看，上句有pleasure 一詞，however 表示語氣轉(zhuǎn)折，可見后面應(yīng)選 discomfort, 形成對照。

　　3. 【答案】D. concern

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配. express one’s concern about(or for, over)表達對….的關(guān)心，顧慮：1)He didn’t show much concern about (or for) it.

　　2) The Prime Minister expressed his concern over the strike that had lasted for two months or so.

　　consideration 考慮，思考：1) Your proposal is now under consideration. (你的建議正在考慮中。) 2) You should take these facts into consideration.

　　attention 注意：pay attention to, give attention to, devote attention to, draw attention to (吸引對…..的注意)，attract one’s attention(吸引某人的注意力)。

　　belief (in) 相信，信賴：I have great belief in his ability to succeed. 可見，consideration, attention 與 belief 均不切題。

　　4. 【答案】D. on

　　【解析】本題測試結(jié)構(gòu)搭配. The effect of smoking on the health 吸煙對健康的影響。

　　5. 【答案】C. In fact

　　【解析】本題測試邏輯搭配.in fact 事實上，實際上。從上下文的意思來看，正合題意。in consequence 因此，on the other hand 另一方面，after all 畢竟，均不符合題意。

　　6. 【答案】D. reluctantly

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配. reluctantly 勉強的;instinctively 本能的，天生的;spontaneously 自發(fā)地;instantly 立即�？梢姡瑀eluctantly 正合題意。

　　7. 【答案】A. suffer

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配. suffer vt./vi. 遭受，受到;正合題意。subject…to 使……受到…..：He was subjected to severe criticism.

　　submit vt. 1) 提交：We have submitted your request to the committee. 2) (與to 連用) vt./vi. 服從，聽任：I refuse to submit (myself) to his control.

　　sustain vt. 1) 支撐: These two posts sustain the whole roof. 2) 經(jīng)受，承受：She sustained a great loss in the death of her husband. 從上下文的邏輯意思和詞義搭配來看，suffer 是正確的選擇。

　　備考題二：

　　Every human being has unique arrangement of skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the 1 of finger-prints and discovered that no 2 similar pattern is 3 from parents to children, 4 nobody knows why this is the 5 .

　　The ridge 6 on a person’ finger doesn’t change 7 growth and is not affected by 8 injuries. Burns, cuts and other damages to the 9 part of the skin will be replaced 10 by a new one which bears the reproduction of the 11 pattern. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be 12 Some criminals make use of this to 13 their own finger-prints 14 this is a dangerous and rare step to 15 .

　　Finger-prints can be made very easily with a printer’s ink. They can be recorded easily. With special method, 16 can be achieved successfully within a short time. 17 the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-print have often been used as a method of solving criminal cases. A 8 man may deny the charge but this may be 19 . His finger-prints can prove who he is even his 20 has been changed by age or accident.

　　1. A. uselessnessB. quantityC. magnitudeD. uniqueness

　　2. A. naturally B. exactlyC. especiallyD. particularly

　　3. A. passed onB. passed awayC. passed outD. passed off

　　4. A. ifB. whenC. thoughD. as

　　5. A. reasonB. causeC. groundD. case

　　6. A. constructionB. structureC. locationD. position

　　7. A. withB. because ofC. untilD. under

　　8. A. graveB. severeC. substantialD. superficial

　　9. A. outsideB. outwardC. innerD. outer

　　10. A. in timeB. on timeC. at timesD. behind time

　　11. A. originalB. differentC. definiteD. customary

　　12. A. restoredB. hurtC. destroyedD. restricted

　　13. A. diminishB. disposeC. undermineD. remove

　　14. A. andB. butC. whenD. if

　　15. A. makeB. takeC. doD. adapt

　　16. A. realizationB. detectionC. identificationD. investigation

　　17. A. In spite ofB. Irrespective ofC. Because ofD. In case of

　　18. A. suspectedB. doubtedC. distrustedD. doubtful

　　19. A. out of caseB. in vainC. at randomD. in question

　　20. A. lookB. expressionC. appearanceD. sight

　　參考答案及解析：

　　1. 【答案】D. uniqueness

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配。uniqueness 獨一無二，獨特性，正合題意。magnitude 大小，數(shù)量;quantity 數(shù)量;uselessness 無用性;均與題意相悖，不能入選。

　　2. 【答案】B. exactly

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配。 exactly (= correctly; quite) 確切地，完全地：They are exactly alike. naturally 自然地;especially 和 particularly 尤其的，特別的;邏輯上均不符合題意，故不入選。

　　3. 【答案】A. passed on

　　【解析】本題測試慣用搭配。pass on (=convey to other)把……..傳遞給另外的人：We should pass on the fine tradition of hard struggle from generation to generation. pass away 去世; pass out 失去知覺，昏倒; pass off 中止，停止。

　　4. 【答案】 C. though

　　【解析】本題測試邏輯搭配。though 盡管;與句意相符。

　　5. 【答案】D. case

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配。case 情況，情景：I afterwards heard that this was not the case. (我后來聽到，情況并非如此) If that is the case, I must as well try.(情況如果是這樣，我也應(yīng)該爭取)本句譯文：科學(xué)家和專家業(yè)已證明指紋的獨特性并發(fā)現(xiàn)由父母傳給子女的指紋沒有完完全全相似的，盡管沒有人知道為什么會這樣。

　　6. 【答案】B. structure

　　【解析】本題測試詞義搭配。structure (=way in which sth. is put together, organized, etc.)構(gòu)造，結(jié)構(gòu)：the structure of the human body(人體構(gòu)造)。construction 建造，建設(shè);location 定位置;位置;position 1)位置：in position (在適當?shù)奈恢?，out of position(不在適當?shù)奈恢?;2)地位，職位，工作。從上下文的意思來看，此處指一個人手指上脊的“構(gòu)造”，故選 structure.

　　7. 【答案】A. with

　　【解析】本題測試結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。with 在此處的含義是“隨著”。

　　8. 【答案】D. superficial

　　【解析】本題測試邏輯型詞義搭配。superficial 表層的，符合題題，可以入選。grave 需要認真考慮的，嚴重的，嚴峻的;severe 嚴厲的，嚴重的;substantial 實質(zhì)的;均不符合題意。

　　9. 【答案】D. outer

　　【解析】本題測試邏輯型詞義搭配。outer 外部的，外層的，其反義詞是 inner; outside 在外面的，其反義詞是 inside; outward 外面的，在外面的：the outward appearance of things(東西的外觀)

　　備考題三：

　　As former colonists of Great Britain，the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a“common law”，or law made by courts__1__a monarch or other central governmental__2__like a legislature. The jury，a__3__of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case，is an__4__ part of our common-law system.

　　Use of juries to decide cases is a__5__feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States.__6__the centuries，many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result__7__would be obtained using a judge__8__，as many countries do.__9__a jury decides cases after“__10__”，or discussions among a group of people，the jury‘s decision is likely to have the__11__ from many different people from different backgrounds，who must as a group decide what is right.

　　Juries are used in both civil cases，which decide__12__ among__13__ citizens，and criminal cases，which decide cases brought by the government __14__ that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and__15__. Jurors，consisting of __16__ numbers，are called for each case requiring a jury.

　　The judge__17__to the case__18__the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states，__19__jurors are questioned by the judge;in others，they are questioned by the lawyers representing the__20__under rules dictated by state law.

　　1. [A] other than [B] rather than [C] more than [D] or rather

　　2. [A] agency [B] organization [C] institution [D] authority

　　3. [A] panel [B] crew [C] band [D] flock

　　4. [A] innate [B] intact [C] integral [D] integrated

　　5. [A]discriminating[B] distinguishing [C] determining [D] diminishing

　　6. [A] in [B] by [C] after [D] over

　　7. [A] that [B] which [C] than [D] as

　　8. [A] alike [B] alone [C] altogether [D] apart

　　9. [A] Although [B] Because [C] If [D] While

　　10.[A] deliberations [B] meditations [C] reflections [D] speculations

　　11.[A] outline [B] outcome [C] input [D] intake

　　12.[A] arguments [B] controversies [C] disputes [D] hostilities

　　13.[A] fellow [B] individual [C] personal [D] private

　　14.[A] asserting [B] alleging [C] maintaining [D] testifying

　　15.[A] assembled [B] evoked [C] rallied [D] summoned

　　16.[A] set [B] exact [C] given [D] placed

　　17.[A] allocated [B] allotted [C] appointed [D] assigned

　　18.[A] administers [B] manages [C] oversees [D] presides

　　19.[A] inspective [B] irrespective [C] perspective [D] prospective

　　20.[A] bodies [B] parties [C] sides [D] units

　　備考題四：

　　Every human being has unique arrangement of skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the 1 of finger-prints and discovered that no 2 similar pattern is 3 from parents to children, 4 nobody knows why this is the 5 .

　　The ridge 6 on a person’ finger doesn’t change 7 growth and is not affected by 8 injuries. Burns, cuts and other damages to the 9 part of the skin will be replaced 10 by a new one which bears the reproduction of the 11 pattern. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be 12 Some criminals make use of this to 13 their own finger-prints 14 this is a dangerous and rare step to 15 .

　　Finger-prints can be made very easily with a printer’s ink. They can be recorded easily. With special method, 16 can be achieved successfully within a short time. 17 the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-print have often been used as a method of solving criminal cases. A 8 man may deny the charge but this may be 19 . His finger-prints can prove who he is even his 20 has been changed by age or accident.

　　1. A. uselessnessB. quantityC. magnitudeD. uniqueness

　　2. A. naturally B. exactlyC. especiallyD. particularly

　　3. A. passed onB. passed awayC. passed outD. passed off

　　4. A. ifB. whenC. thoughD. as

　　5. A. reasonB. causeC. groundD. case

　　6. A. constructionB. structureC. locationD. position

　　7. A. withB. because ofC. untilD. under

　　8. A. graveB. severeC. substantialD. superficial

　　9. A. outsideB. outwardC. innerD. outer

　　10. A. in timeB. on timeC. at timesD. behind time

　　11. A. originalB. differentC. definiteD. customary

　　12. A. restoredB. hurtC. destroyedD. restricted

　　13. A. diminishB. disposeC. undermineD. remove

　　14. A. andB. butC. whenD. if

　　15. A. makeB. takeC. doD. adapt

　　16. A. realizationB. detectionC. identificationD. investigation

　　17. A. In spite ofB. Irrespective ofC. Because ofD. In case of

　　18. A. suspectedB. doubtedC. distrustedD. doubtful

　　19. A. out of caseB. in vainC. at randomD. in question

　　20. A. lookB. expressionC. appearanceD. sight

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