2017考研英語長難句把握五個拆分信號
考研英語長難句,其實(shí)不管句子多長,結(jié)構(gòu)多么復(fù)雜,看起來多難,無外乎是由英語中的8種句子成分(即:主語、謂語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)語、定語、狀語、同位語)組合而成,或者說是在英語中的5種基本句型(即:主謂結(jié)構(gòu)、主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)、主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)、主謂賓賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu))的框架之上添加修飾成分?jǐn)U展而來的,所以只要掌握了長難句拆分的方法,再長再難的句子就都迎刃而解了。
考研英語長難句拆分信號:
1、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號:
比如,2個逗號形成插入語,破折號表示解釋說明,分號相當(dāng)于“and”表示并列;
2、連詞:
并列句的并列連詞and、or、but、yet、for等,從句的從屬連詞which、that、when、how、if等;
3、介詞:
介詞引導(dǎo)介詞短語,介詞短語在句子中可充當(dāng)定語、狀語等修飾成分;
4、不定式符號to:
不定式符號to引導(dǎo)不定式短語,在句子中除了可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)語等主干成分外,還可做定語、狀語等修飾成分;
5、分詞:
分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞,在句子中可充當(dāng)定語和狀語修飾成分。
下面我們就按照長難句拆分原則,依照這些拆分信號,結(jié)合考研英語閱讀或翻譯真題中的長難句進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一下吧!
1、This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
(1)句子拆分
拆分點(diǎn):從屬連詞、介詞、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號
This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.
(2)句子結(jié)構(gòu)
找謂語動詞(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);
↓
找連詞(when, that, that)
↓
前面沒有從屬連詞的動詞即為主句的謂語動詞
↓
確定主從句
主句:This trend began during the Second World War ;
從句:定語從句when several governments came to the conclusion修飾the Second World War,本從句嵌套著一個二級從句即同位語從句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修飾conclusion和一個三級從句that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。
(3)解析
during the Second World War介詞短語做狀語;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定語修飾the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位語從句修飾conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。
(4)本句的.參考譯文
這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,當(dāng)時(shí)一些國家的政府得出結(jié)論:政府向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。
總之,只要考生對句子結(jié)構(gòu)有個透徹的理解,弄清句子的各個成分,并可以借助連詞、介詞、非謂語動詞等手段把句子由簡單變得復(fù)雜,由復(fù)雜變得簡單,這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析技能提高了,長難句也就攻克了,對于考研閱讀和翻譯的理解也就簡單了。
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