2014年考研英語二閱讀理解真題題型分析
2014考研英語二真題閱讀理解整體分析
分析：綜合來說今年的閱讀理解符合考研英語二大綱的難度水平，或許有些同學會因為第四篇閱讀中出現(xiàn)的一些專業(yè)詞匯和一詞多義現(xiàn)象所難到，但只要靜心閱讀就不太會出現(xiàn)理解上的障礙。
2014年考研英語閱讀四篇文章的出處分別是：《經(jīng)濟學人》的《金錢和幸�！�(Money and happiness);《星報在線》的'《怎樣改善自己的相貌》(How we really rate our looks);《勞倫斯日報》的《科學發(fā)現(xiàn)情緒會影響眼淚的化學成分》;《英國衛(wèi)報》的《綜合開支審查可能會扭轉(zhuǎn)房市危機》(Comprehensive spending review could turn the housing crisis around)
同樣，考研命題組對這四篇文章都有適當?shù)膭h減和修改，但并沒改變原文意思，考生不用擔心會有過難理解的句子出現(xiàn)。從以上分析不難看出，考研英語命題的選材依舊偏向于各大外媒報紙中的經(jīng)典文章，題材多樣且具有趣味性。
這就要求考生在平時的復習的過程中多瀏覽國外著名報紙以擴展自身的知識面，同時提升自己的閱讀能力。針對題源出處的總結(jié)問題，考研1號系列考研英語一真題書《考研真相》和考研英語二真題書《考研圣經(jīng)》，對歷年真題的出處都有系統(tǒng)的分析總結(jié)�？忌蓞⒖歼@兩本真題解析書中的詳細分析給自己制定一個合適的課外預讀計劃，這樣循序漸進、長期積累定會有意想不到的效果。
Text 1
原文標題：《金錢和幸福》(Money and happiness)
刊登時間：Jun 22nd 2013
原文節(jié)選：WHAT would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house inFloridato collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. The blogosphere is full of advice for this lucky Powerball pensioner. But if she hopes her new-found lucre will yield lasting feelings of fulfilment, she could do worse than read “Happy Money” by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.
These two academics—she teaches psychology at theUniversityofBritish Columbia; he lectures on marketing atHarvardBusinessSchool—use an array of behavioural research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and palatial homes on remote bluffs. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; remorse creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time—as stories or memories—particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck”. It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason McDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib—a marketing gimmick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.
Readers of “Happy Money” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfilment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.
Text 2
原文出處：星報在線(The Star Online)
原文標題：《怎樣改善自己的相貌》(How-we-really-rate-our-looks)
刊登時間：June 29, 2013
原文節(jié)選：Some advertising would have us believe that we’re more beautiful than we think we are. In fact, the reverse may be true.
WE HAVE a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing (to use the psychological terminology) strategies to achieve this.
Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the “above-average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving (across the ages and genders) and 85% at getting on well with others – all obviously statistical impossibilities.
We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticised, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own self-esteem. We strut around thinking we’re hot stuff.
Psychologist and behavioural scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a line-up, including versions that had been morphed to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely-flattering image – which most did – they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.
Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively-doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real, directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem.
“I don’t think the findings that we have are any evidence of personal delusion,” says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves.” If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing.
Knowing the results of Epley’s study, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves so viscerally – on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer’s paradise, where people can share only the flukiest of flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. It’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest, says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University, “but they portray an idealised version of themselves”. (People are much more likely to out-and-out lie on dating websites, to an audience of strangers.)
Text 3
原文出處：勞倫斯日報(Lawrence Journal-World)
原文標題：《科學發(fā)現(xiàn)情緒會影響眼淚的化學成分》
刊登時間：March 1984
原文節(jié)選：(文章稍后公布)
Text 4
原文出處：英國衛(wèi)報(The guardian)
原文標題：綜合開支審查可能會扭轉(zhuǎn)房市危機(Comprehensive spending review could turn the housing crisis around)
刊登時間：June 2013
原文節(jié)選：The government has been slow to wake up to the fact that housing is potentially one of the important drivers of economic recovery.
As Danny Alexander, chief secretary to the Treasury, recently made clear in a speech to the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, when the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.
Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to jostle for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged. This government does not want to see a return to large-scale provision of council housing, so it is naturally wary of measures that will lead us down that route.
Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.
The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.
There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. The cap, introduced in 2012 as part of the Housing Revenue Account reform, has been a major issue for the sector. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.
Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.
Finally, they should look at the way in which public sector land is released. Currently up-front payments are required, putting a financial burden on the housing provider. A more positive stimulus would be to encourage a system where the land is made available and maintained as a long-term equity stake in the project.
But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition's spending plans if it returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.
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