2018年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯模擬練習(xí)題解析
考研,通俗的講就是高級(jí)大學(xué)的入學(xué)考試,即“參加碩士研究生入學(xué)考試”之意。考研試題是指用于考研考試的題目,要求按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回答。下面是小編整理的2018年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯模擬練習(xí)題解析,歡迎大家閱讀!
2018年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯模擬練習(xí)題解析
1. It is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s (cDNA’s)that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA’ s (mRNA’ s) of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making the hormones,the cells will contain these Mrna’S. If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them,then the cDNA’s should still bind to these mRNA’s,but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA’s for the true hormones. (4)
科學(xué)家可以制造出特異的(specific)互補(bǔ)DNA’s(cDNA’s),以此作為分子探子(molecular probe),探覓出肽激素的信使 RNA’s(mRNA’s)。如果大腦正在制造著肽激素,則細(xì)胞就會(huì)含有這些信使 RNA’s.假若細(xì)胞所制造的產(chǎn)品類似于肽激素但并非與這些肽激素全然相同,那么,互補(bǔ)cDNA’s應(yīng)仍然和這些信使mDNA’s粘結(jié)的程度。含有這些mRNA’s的腦細(xì)胞然后就可以被分離開來(lái),研究者可對(duì)其信使RNA’s進(jìn)行解碼,以確定它們的蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)品究竟是什么,并確定這些蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)品在何種程度上類似于真正的肽激素。
難句類型:易混詞
解釋:與其他的難句不同的是,心上的英文不止一句。筆者之所以在本句中不設(shè)標(biāo)志和翻譯,是因?yàn)檫@三句話從結(jié)構(gòu)和意思上來(lái)說(shuō)并不難。然而很少有人能夠真正的一次把這段話讀清楚,原因在于兩個(gè)容易混淆的單詞cDNA’s和mRNA’s在文中交替出現(xiàn),而且相互作用;再加上 brain cell和 hormones 從中搗亂,更難讀清楚原文的意思。原文的主要意思如下:可以用 cDNA’s 來(lái)探測(cè) mRNA’s。如果腦細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生了荷爾蒙,則其中必有 mRNA’s 意味著可用 cDNA 探測(cè)荷爾蒙。如果腦細(xì)胞制造的不是真荷爾蒙,則可以用cDNA’s與其中的mRNA’s附著的情況來(lái)確定此荷爾蒙的真假。
意群訓(xùn)練:It is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s (cDNA’s)that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA’ s (mRNA’ s) of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making the hormones, the cells will contain these Mrna’S. If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them,then the cDNA’s should still bind to these mRNA’s,but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA’s for the true hormones.
2. The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them. (4)
采用cDNA探子來(lái)測(cè)定肽激素的這一分子生物學(xué)方法同時(shí)也應(yīng)該比免疫學(xué)的方法速度來(lái)得快,因?yàn)閷?duì)于免疫的方法來(lái)說(shuō),需耗費(fèi)好幾年枯燥的提純進(jìn)程,方能將肽素分離了出來(lái),然后再培養(yǎng)出針對(duì)它們的抗血清。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、易混指代
解釋:主語(yǔ)后的修飾成分同樣隔開了主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ),但本句的難度主要在 because 從句中。按照一般的習(xí)慣,作為從句主語(yǔ)的it應(yīng)該指主句的主語(yǔ),但本句的主句是一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu),A should be faster than B because it…,此處it也可以指 B。但是因?yàn)檫@種指代不符合和我們以前所形成的習(xí)慣,所以閱讀現(xiàn)場(chǎng)不得不邊讀邊根據(jù)句意來(lái)判斷,這就增加了閱讀理解的難度。
現(xiàn)場(chǎng)閱讀時(shí),類似antiserums的這種專有名詞不必理會(huì),僅需從詞頭anti推出這是一個(gè)反p荷爾蒙的東西即可。
意群訓(xùn)練:The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them.
3. Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events.(3+)
然而,研究 P 時(shí)代的研究者發(fā)展除了各種各樣的或多或少有些奇怪思想的模型系統(tǒng),用來(lái)顯示如果由他們來(lái)決定地質(zhì)事件的話他們將會(huì)如何安排冰川紀(jì)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、倒裝、修辭
解釋:句末的由how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中包括了雙重的倒裝,正常的語(yǔ)序本來(lái)是: If they had been in charge of events, they would have arranged the Ice Age in certain model schemes。本句中由于arrange的方式被提前,就造成了arrange的動(dòng)作
執(zhí)行者也要提前,前面的if they had been 則必須后置;這樣一來(lái)又造成了if被省略,成had they been的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。另外,作者為了表達(dá)其對(duì)于這些研究者的模型的負(fù)態(tài)度,并炫耀其幽默感,在本句中使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣,并使用了fanciful這個(gè)詞以表示這些研究的不負(fù)責(zé)任、異想天開的幼童心理。
意群訓(xùn)練:Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events.
4. This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to
glacial and interglacial periods,rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits. (4)
這一序列演替(succession)所依據(jù)的,主要是一系列與冰川期和間冰期并不直接相關(guān)的地質(zhì)沉積物和地質(zhì)事件,而不是依據(jù)更為普遍的現(xiàn)代方法,去研究間冰層(interglacial bed)中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的生物殘留物,而這些間冰層本身又在冰川沉積物發(fā)生間層化(interstatified)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、省略、易淆指代
解釋:句子中的rather than 之后省略了與前面重復(fù)的being based,直接加上了介詞on。Modern method后面的部分都是修飾method 的。其中的remains既可以作動(dòng)詞也可以作名詞,此處是名詞的用法,biological remains 指的是類似于動(dòng)物化石之類的遺跡。讀到這里我們看到了句子的難點(diǎn),themselves既可以指前面離得很遠(yuǎn)的modern method(當(dāng)然,在語(yǔ)法上來(lái)講單復(fù)數(shù)不一致),也可以指前面離得較遠(yuǎn)的biological remains,亦可以指緊挨著的interglacial beds,到底是指代哪一個(gè),只有通過(guò)理解句意,才能確定在此處指biological remains。
意群訓(xùn)練:This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods,rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits.
5. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need,or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.(5)
人們?cè)噲D對(duì)這些禁忌作出解釋,所依據(jù)的要么是那些正置身于某一身體需要滿足的人與那些并置身于某一身體需要之滿足的人之間的,要么是那些早已酒足飯飽的人與那些正在不知羞恥地狼吞虎咽失之間的不相稱的社會(huì)關(guān)系。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、省略
解釋:前面的主架構(gòu) There have been attempts to explain these taboos 很簡(jiǎn)單,從 in terms of inappropriate social relationships開始句子變難,ralationship后面跟著一個(gè)一直延續(xù)到句末的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的修飾成分,其中有兩個(gè)固定搭配,either…or…和between…and…,不但如此,原文把這兩個(gè)搭配又套在一起,變成了either between…and…,or between…and…;再加上每一個(gè)between…and之后都是those who這樣的結(jié)構(gòu),就愈發(fā)令人眼花繚亂了。
意群訓(xùn)練:There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships eitherbetween those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in thesatisfaction of a bodily need,or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.
6. Many critics of Family Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that comments on,if it does not reverse,the first part,where a "romantic" reading receives more confirmation. (5)
研究艾米麗。勃朗特(Emily Bronte)小說(shuō)《呼嘯山莊》(Wuthering Heights)的許多文學(xué)評(píng)論家,將小說(shuō)的第二部分視作一種對(duì)比物,即使沒有將第一部分予以逆轉(zhuǎn)的話,也是在對(duì)第一部分作出一種詮釋評(píng)判,而在小說(shuō)第一部分中,一種“浪漫的”的讀解能獲得更為充分的確證。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)
解釋:上面的翻譯中為了符合中文習(xí)慣不得不把修飾the first part的where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句翻譯到中括號(hào)以外。本句主要難在兩個(gè)地方,一個(gè)是插入語(yǔ)if it does not reverse如何理解,另一個(gè)是counterpoint的意思是什么。產(chǎn)生,插入語(yǔ)的位置比較討厭,把comments on the first part這樣一個(gè)連貫的說(shuō)法割成兩段,增加了閱讀的難度。而且它的意思容易理解錯(cuò);if既可以理解成如果的意思,也可以理解成即使的意思。如果理解成即使的意思,則上下文的意思則要理解成即使不反對(duì)第一部分,也要給予第一部分一個(gè)負(fù)面的評(píng)論。然而此處不能這樣理解,因?yàn)?that 之前的 counterpoint 的意思不是相反、對(duì)立,而是指和諧的組成部分的意思。這個(gè)詞來(lái)源于一個(gè)音樂術(shù)語(yǔ),指音樂中的對(duì)位法、旋律配合,引伸為形容兩個(gè)不同的東
西彼此和諧一致,同義詞是harmony。因此文中的if it does not reverse 的意思是假如不反對(duì)第一部分,則是與第一部分和諧一致的評(píng)論的意思。這種情況下,插入語(yǔ)純屬?gòu)U話。
意群訓(xùn)練:Many critics of Family Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that comments on,if it does not reverse,the first part,where a "romantic" reading receives more confirmation.
7. Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their presence does(15) encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts. (4+)
誠(chéng)然,這些因素的存在并不能證明作者對(duì)小說(shuō)架構(gòu)的意識(shí)可與亨利。詹姆斯(Henry James)的那種意識(shí)相比擬;然則,任何力圖將小說(shuō)所有形形色色的因素統(tǒng)一起來(lái)的做法,在某種程度上注定是無(wú)法令人信服的。 Granted that:大家都統(tǒng)一、當(dāng)然,表讓步,=admitted , of course.難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、抽象詞
解釋:本句的.結(jié)構(gòu)固然復(fù)雜,但造成最大的閱讀難度的,主要還是對(duì)一些抽象詞的理解。正面是對(duì)一些關(guān)鍵詞匯的解釋:
Granted that出現(xiàn)在句首,其意思是大家都同意、當(dāng)然,實(shí)際上是一種讓步語(yǔ)氣,等于admitted,of course。Need not argue中的argue在此不是表示常用的那個(gè)辯論、爭(zhēng)論的意思,而是表示意味著或證實(shí)的意思,其同義詞是maintain或prove。Camparable的詞義有兩個(gè),除了讀者熟悉的that can be compared之外,還有一個(gè)意思是worthy of comparison,其同義
詞是 as good as。本文中用的是后面的那個(gè)意思,對(duì)于這個(gè)詞義的理解,后面的第 18 題考到了。
意群訓(xùn)練:Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their presence does(15) encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts.
8. This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis(although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger),but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant
elements of undeniable power that,ultimately,resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation. (5)
這倒不是因?yàn)檫@樣的一種解釋必定會(huì)僵化成為一個(gè)命題(盡管對(duì)這部或任何一部小說(shuō)的解釋中,僵化死板總是一種危險(xiǎn)),而是因?yàn)椤逗魢[山莊》擁有一些極難駕御的因素,以其無(wú)可辯駁的力度,最終拒絕被囿于一個(gè)囊括無(wú)遺的解釋中。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、抽象詞
解釋:本句的兩個(gè)插入語(yǔ)雖然有一些干擾性,但是最為主要的難點(diǎn)在于成批出現(xiàn)的抽象詞,interpretation/necessarily/stiffen/thesis/rigidity/recalcitrant/element/undeniable/power/ultimately/resist/inclusion/all-encompassing等。據(jù)筆者估測(cè),對(duì)于初學(xué)GRE 或GMAT的學(xué)習(xí)者而言,在一句話中出現(xiàn)了三個(gè)心上的抽象詞就會(huì)使閱讀理解造成障礙,而這句話中出現(xiàn)了十三個(gè)這樣的單詞,讀不懂也不足為怪。
意群訓(xùn)練: :This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis(although rigidity in any
interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger),but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that,ultimately,resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation.
9. The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another,with variations exceeding the measurement error;and preliminary studies indicate virtually uniform is topic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source. (4)
鉛的同位素構(gòu)成經(jīng)常在一種普通銅礦石來(lái)源與另一種銅礦石來(lái)源之間存在差異,其差異程度超出測(cè)量誤差;而最初的研究表明,對(duì)于來(lái)自單獨(dú)一個(gè)銅礦石來(lái)源的鉛來(lái)說(shuō),其同位素構(gòu)成幾乎是毫無(wú)二致的。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、專業(yè)抽象詞
解釋:本句是一個(gè)怪異的現(xiàn)象的典型例子:句子的結(jié)構(gòu)談不上復(fù)雜,所用單詞也不難,但是除非讀者有理工科的科研(最好是材料科學(xué)的科研)背景,否則句子雖然能夠得讀下來(lái),但是卻搞不清句子說(shuō)的是什么意思。首先,句子中出現(xiàn)的一些詞匯雖然也都比較常見,但是在理科文章中出現(xiàn),就有了專有名詞的意味,同時(shí)還帶有很抽象學(xué)術(shù)含義,筆者稱之為專業(yè)抽象詞,如isotopic composition;source;variation;measurement error;preliminary study等。認(rèn)識(shí)這些單詞,并不意味著懂得它們?cè)谖恼碌囊饬x和作用。比如說(shuō)measurement error,大家都可以望文生義地理解成測(cè)量錯(cuò)誤、測(cè)量誤差,但是在對(duì)文章的閱讀中這種字面上的理解是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。其實(shí)此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的并不是測(cè)量中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤和毛病,而是指那些每次測(cè)量都會(huì)發(fā)生的、永遠(yuǎn)也無(wú)法避免的、在測(cè)量值和實(shí)際值之間的正常的差異。因此,本句話的真實(shí)含義也難以理解。句子只是羅列了一堆事實(shí),而作者真正想說(shuō)的意思是什么呢?其實(shí)variations exceeding the measurement error的言外之意是這些不同variations是真正有意義的不同,而不是試驗(yàn)的誤差;那么不同礦源的銅礦的鉛同位素成分真的不同,相同的礦源的鉛同位素幾乎相同,就
意味著我們可以通過(guò)測(cè)量鉛同位素的成分來(lái)確定銅礦的礦源(挖掘地)。
意群訓(xùn)練:The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another,with variations exceeding the measurement error;and preliminary studies indicate virtually uniform is topic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source.
10. More probable is bird transport,either externally,by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers,or internally,by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds. (3+)
更有可能的是鳥類運(yùn)輸:或者是通過(guò)外部途徑,即由于種籽偶然粘附在羽毛上;或者是通過(guò)內(nèi)部方式,即由于鳥類吞食果子并隨后將種籽排泄出來(lái)。
難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、倒裝
解釋:句首有一個(gè)倒裝,正常語(yǔ)序是bird transport is more probable。后面的句子中由于插入部分的頻繁出現(xiàn)使句子顯得十分凌亂。
意群訓(xùn)練:More probable is bird transport,either externally,by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers,or internally,by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.
【2018年考研英語(yǔ)翻譯模擬練習(xí)題解析】相關(guān)文章:
考研英語(yǔ)翻譯小技巧03-30
商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯面試技巧解析02-19
考研英語(yǔ)翻譯高頻詞匯04-02
考研英語(yǔ)翻譯講詞析句03-31
考研英語(yǔ)翻譯答題大技巧03-30
考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧很重要03-30