2016中考英語難點語法詳解
2016中考英語難點語法詳解：形容詞與副詞
【名師點睛】
1.形容詞的用法
(1)形容詞在句中作定語，表語，賓語補足語。例如：
Our country is a beautiful country. (作定語)
The fish went bad. (作表語)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy. (作賓語補足語)
(2)形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞時，形容詞放在名詞后面。
I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting in the film.
(3)用 and 或 or 連接起來的兩個形容詞作定語時一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面。起進一步解釋的作用。
Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.
You can take any box away, big or small.
(4)the+形容詞表示一類人或物
The rich should help the poor.
2.副詞的用法
(1)副詞在句中可作狀語，表語和定語。
He studies very hard. (作狀語)
Life here is full of joy. (作定語)
When will you be back? (作表語)
副詞按其用途和含義可分為下面五類：
1)時間副詞
時間副詞通常用來表示動作的時間。常見的時間副詞有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：
He often comes to school late.
What are we going to do tomorrow?
He is never been to Beijing.
2)地點副詞
地點副詞通常用來表示動作發(fā)生的地點。常見的地點副詞有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：
I met an old friend of mine on my way home.
He went upstairs.
Put down your name here.
3)方式副詞
方式副詞一般都是回答“怎樣的?”這類問題的，其中絕大部分都是由一個形容詞加詞尾-ly構(gòu)成的， 有少數(shù)方式副詞不帶詞尾-ly, 它們與形容詞同形。常見的方式副詞有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：
The old man walked home slowly.
Please listen to the teacher carefully.
The birds are flying high.
He runs very fast.
4)程度副詞
程度副詞多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞和副詞，有少數(shù)用來修飾動詞或介詞短語。常見的.程度副詞有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：
Her pronunciation is very good.
She sings quite well.
I can hardly agree with you.
5)疑問副詞是用來引導特殊疑問句的副詞。常見的疑問副詞有：how, when, where, why等。例如：
How are you getting along with your studies?
Where were you yesterday?
Why did you do that?
(2)副詞在句中的位置
1)多數(shù)副詞作狀語時放在動詞之后。如果動詞帶有賓語，則放在賓語之后。例如：
Mr Smith works very hard.
She speaks English well.
2)頻度副詞作狀語時，通常放在行為動詞之前，情態(tài)動詞，助動詞和be動詞之后。例如：
He usually gets up early.
I’ve never heard him singing.
She is seldom ill.
3)程度副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞和副詞的前面， 但enough作副詞用時，通常放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：
It is a rather difficult job.
He runs very fast.
He didn’t work hard enough.
4)副詞作定語時，一般放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如：
On my way home, I met my uncle.
The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.
(3)部分常用副詞的用法
1)very, much
這兩個副詞都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用來修飾形容詞和副詞的原級，而much用來修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級。例如：
She is a very nice girl
I’m feeling much better now.
Much可以修飾動詞，而very則不能。例如：
I don’t like the idea much.
They did not talk much.
2)too, either
這兩個副詞都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：
She can dance, and I can dance, too.
I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either.
3)already, yet
already一般用于語肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：
He has already left.
Have you heard from him yet?
He hasn’t answered yet.
4)so, neither
so和neither都可用于倒裝句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。
例如：
My brother likes football and so do I.
My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I.
3.形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級
(1)兩個人或事物的比較時(不一定每一方只有一個人或一個事物)，用比較級。
Our teacher is taller than we are.
The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.
(2)most 同形容詞連用而不用 the,表示 "極，很，非常， 十分"。
It’s most dangerous to be here.
在這兒太危險。
(3)"The+形容詞比較級…， the+形容詞比較級…"表示 " 越… 就越…"。
The more you study, the more you know.
(4)" 形容詞比較級 + and + 形容詞比較級 ", 表示 " 越來越… "。
It’s getting hotter and hotter.
(5)主語+謂語(系動詞)+as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表示兩者對比相同。
This box is as big as mine.
(6)the + 形容詞 表示某種人。
He always helps the poor.
(7)形容詞和副詞最高級用于三個或三個以上的人和物進行比較。
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
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