2015年12月英語六級考試翻譯練習題
第一篇:
翻譯原文:
隨著城市化(urbanization)進程的加快,越來越多的農(nóng)民工(migrant worker)在城市里安頓下來。他們把子女接到城里來,希望孩子能接受到更好的教育。然而,這些農(nóng)民工發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實并不像他們預期的那么美好。城市公立學校的設施和師資遠遠不能滿足大批農(nóng)民工子女的需求。幸運的是,農(nóng)民工子女的教育已成為政府議事日程上優(yōu)先處理的問題。
1.第1句中的伴隨狀語“隨著城市化進程的加快”可用介詞短語with the acceleration of urbanization來表達,漢語中表范疇的“進程”可省略不譯。
2.在第2句中,“希望孩子……”可處理成狀語表伴隨動作,譯為hoping that...,也可用介詞短語with the hopeof/that...。“他們能接受更好的教育”可譯為句子their children can receive better education,但不如用獨立主語結構 their children receiving better education 來得地道。
3.翻譯第3句“這些農(nóng)民工發(fā)現(xiàn)……不……那么美好”時要注意時態(tài)。本句敘述一般的客觀情況,故主句的謂語“發(fā)現(xiàn)”用一般現(xiàn)在時;“預期”表過去的動作,可用過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時。而“現(xiàn)實不那么美好”是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),用現(xiàn)在時,譯作the reality is not...。
4.第4句中的“滿足......的需求”用短語meet the needs來表達,定語“大批農(nóng)民工子女的”較長,處理成后置定語,用介詞of引出,表所屬,譯作of the big group of migrant children。
參考譯文:
With the acceleration of urbanization, an increasingnumber of migrant workers settle down in the cities.They bring their children along with them to thecities, with the hope of their children receiving bettereducation. However, the migrants find the reality isnot as promising as they've expected. The facilitiesand faculties in the urban public schools are far from enough to meet the needs of the biggroup of migrant children. Luckily, the education problem of the migrant children has become apriority on the government's agenda.
第二篇:
翻譯原文:
孫武是春秋末期(the late Spring and Autumn Period)杰出的軍事家(strategist)。他所著的《孫子兵法》 (Sun Zi's Art of War)是中國古代最著名的兵書,也是世界上現(xiàn)存最早的兵書!秾O子兵法》現(xiàn)存13篇,共 6000字。在這不長的篇幅中,孫武全面論述了自己對戰(zhàn)爭的看法,提出了諸如知彼知己、集中優(yōu)勢兵力打敗敵人等許多作戰(zhàn)思想!秾O子兵法》已被譯為多種文字,在世界上也享有很高的聲譽。
1.在第2句中,兩個并列的謂語部分較長,因此定語“他所著的”不宜再后置,而采用“減詞”譯法把“所著”省略,用hiswork也能表達原意。翻譯“是……,也是……”結構時,可以承前省略第2個系動詞be,將 “也是......”的內容作為同位語,使句子更簡潔明了。
2.第2句中的“世界上現(xiàn)存最早的兵書”用了兩個定語“世界上現(xiàn)存的”和“最早的”,英語表達中習慣將表動作的定語后置,故將“世界上現(xiàn)存的`”表達為existing in the world作后置定語。
3.第3句中的“《孫子兵法》現(xiàn)存13篇,共6000字”這個句子中,如果逐字對譯“現(xiàn)存13篇”為exist 13chapters,用英文語義不通,而應意譯為consists of 13 chapters。同時用現(xiàn)在分詞短語amounting to6,000 Chinese characters作伴隨狀語來補充說明,表達更為緊湊。
4.最后一句中的“在世界上享有很高的聲譽”中的狀語“在世界上”可轉換成形容詞international,使行文更流暢。“享有”譯為enjoy表現(xiàn)出了英語的韻味。
參考譯文:
Sun Wu was an outstanding strategist in the lateSpring and Autumn Period. His work, Sun Zi's Art ofWar, was the most famous work of military sciencein ancient China, also the earliest one existing in theworld. Sun Zi's Art of War consists of 13 characters.In this limited space, Sun Wu elaborated his wide-ranging views on war. He put forward many military philosophies, such as knowing yourself andknowing your enemy, and concentrating superior force to thoroughly defeat the enemy. SunZi's Art of War has been translated into many different languages and enjoys a highinternational reputation.
第三篇:
翻譯原文:
黃河全長約5000公里,是中國第二長河,僅次于長江(the Yangtze River)。黃河發(fā)源于青海省,流經(jīng)中國青海、四川、甘肅、寧夏、陜西等9個省區(qū),最后流入渤海。由于夾帶了大量的泥沙(silt)。黃河的河水呈黃色。在中國歷史上,黃河流域給中華文明帶來了巨大的影響,也是中華民族最主要的發(fā)源地。因此黃河被稱為“中華文明的搖籃(cradle)”和中國的“母親河”。
1.第1句中的“全長……公里”可表達為is... kilometers long,也可表達為has a length of..., kilometers。“第二長河”,在數(shù)量、規(guī)模等方面要表達“第幾長”、“第幾大”時應該是序數(shù)詞加上形容詞的最高級,故這里譯為the second longestriver。“僅次于”可以表達為only second to或second to,如“他舉世無雙”,譯為 He is second to none。
2.翻譯第2句“黃河發(fā)源于……,流經(jīng)……,最后流入……,可沿用原文的結構,譯作The Yellow River has itsorigin in...,flows through..., and finally pours itself into...,但此種譯法稍顯生硬、平淡。可將 “黃河發(fā)源于…”處理為狀語,用介詞短語With its origin in...表達,使譯文主次分明。“青海、四川、甘肅、寧夏、陜西等9個省區(qū)”翻譯時可以先譯中心詞“9個省區(qū)”,具體的省區(qū)名稱可以用such as引出,作為進一步說明。“流經(jīng)”、“流入渤海”,這里的“流”可譯為flow,但為了避免用詞重復、譯文表達豐富,“流人渤海”可更換表達為 enter the sea,reach the sea 或 pours itself into the sea。
3.第3句中的原因狀語“由于夾帶了大量的泥沙”表達為because it carries a lot of silt。“呈黃色”表達為inyellow 或 in the color of yellow,介詞 in 表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”。
4.第4句中的“黃河流域給中華文明帶來……”可直譯為the Yellow River basin brings significant influenceto...”但這樣處理不如將名詞短語“巨大的影響”轉譯為動詞短語來得簡單明了,表達為the Yellow River basininfluences... significantly。
參考譯文:
The Yellow River is about 5,000 kilometers long. It isthe second longest river in China, only second to theYangtze River. With its origin in Qinghai Province, theYellow River flows through nine provinces of Chinasuch as Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, andShanxi, and finally pours itself into the Bohai Sea.Because it carries a lot of silt, the water of the River is in yellow. In Chinese history, the YellowRiver basin influences Chinese civilization significantly and is also the major birthplace of Chinesenation. Therefore, the Yellow River is called "the Cradle of Chinese Civilization" and "MotherRiver" of China.
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