2016年12月英語四級語法復(fù)習(xí):分詞變形
動詞在不同時態(tài)下要改變拼寫,今天跟著小編一起學(xué)習(xí)一下規(guī)則情況下過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的變形規(guī)律。
過去分詞通常用在完成時(規(guī)則情況下過去分詞與過去時拼寫一致,只是過去式通常用在一般過去時),指過去的動作,變形規(guī)律是在動詞原形后加上ed,例如:
I asked her a question.
我問了她一個問題。
現(xiàn)在分詞通常用于進行時,指正在發(fā)生的動作,變形規(guī)律是在動詞原形后加上ing,例如:
I am asking her a question.
我正在問她問題。
通常情況下,加上ed和ing后不必再進行其他拼寫上的改變,但在某些情況下,改變卻又是必要的`。下面列舉了幾種變性規(guī)則,讓你正確掌握變形規(guī)律:
Verbs ending with a silent e
動詞以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾
If the verb ends with an e that isn’t pronounced (as in bake or smile), then you need to drop this final -e before adding -ed and -ing:
如果動詞以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾(如bake和smile這樣的開音節(jié)),在加ed和ing時要把這個e刪去:
動詞 | 過去分詞 | 現(xiàn)在分詞 |
bake 烘焙 | baked | baking |
smile 微笑 | smiled | smiling |
Verbs ending in -ee, -ye, and -oe (such as free, dye, and tiptoe) do not drop the final -e when adding -ing:
若動詞以ee、ye、oe結(jié)尾(如free、dye、tiptoe),則不要把e刪去,但這時過去分詞只需要加d就可以了:
動詞 | 過去分詞 | 現(xiàn)在分詞 |
free 自由的 | freed | freeing |
dye 染 | dyed | dyeing |
tiptoe 用腳尖走 | tiptoed | tiptoeing |
A very few verbs keep the final -e when adding -ing to distinguish them from similar words. For example, singe becomes singeing rather than singing (which is the present participle of sing).
還有一小部分次在加ing時保留詞尾的e以區(qū)分其他詞。比如singe的現(xiàn)在分詞是singeing而非singing,因為singing是sing的現(xiàn)在分詞。
Verbs ending with a vowel plus -l
動詞以元音加l結(jié)尾
If the verb ends with a vowel plus -l (as in travel or equal), then you need to double the l before adding-ed and -ing in British English:
如果動詞以元音加l結(jié)尾(如travel和equal),在英式英語中要雙寫l(美式英語無須如此):
動詞 |
過去分詞 |
現(xiàn)在分詞 |
travel 旅行 |
travelled |
travelling |
distil 蒸餾 |
distilled |
distilling |
equal 平等 |
equalled |
equalling |
Verbs ending with a single vowel plus a consonant
動詞以單元音加輔音結(jié)尾
If the verb ends with a single vowel plus a consonant, and the stress is at the end of the word (e.g.refer), then you need to double the final consonant before adding -ed and –ing:
如果非單音節(jié)動詞以單元音加輔音結(jié)尾,并且重音在最后一個音節(jié),要雙寫最后一個輔音字母:
動詞 |
過去分詞 |
現(xiàn)在分詞 |
admit 承認 |
admitted |
admitting |
commit 犯罪 |
committed |
committing |
refer 涉及 |
referred |
referring |
If the verb ends with a vowel plus a consonant and the stress is not at the end of the word, you don’t need to double the final consonant when adding -ed and -ing:
如果非單音節(jié)動詞以單元音加輔音結(jié)尾,但重音不在最后一個音節(jié),則無須雙寫最后一個輔音字母:
動詞 |
過去分詞 |
現(xiàn)在分詞 |
inherit 繼承 |
inherited |
inheriting |
target 瞄準 |
targeted |
targeting |
visit 拜訪 |
visited |
visiting |
If the verb has only one syllable and ends with a single vowel plus a consonant (e.g. stop), then you need to double the final consonant before adding -ed and -ing:
若果單音節(jié)動詞以單元音加輔音結(jié)尾(如stop),需要雙寫最后一個輔音字母:
動詞 | 過去分詞 | 現(xiàn)在分詞 |
stop 停止 | stopped | stopping |
tap 輕敲 | tapped | tapping |
sob 啜泣 | sobbed | sobbing |
Verbs ending with two vowels plus a consonant
動詞以雙元音加輔音結(jié)尾
If the verb ends with two vowels plus a consonant, you should generally not double the final consonant:
如果動詞以雙元音加輔音結(jié)尾,通常無須雙寫最后一個輔音字母:
動詞 |
過去分詞 |
現(xiàn)在分詞 |
treat 款待 |
treated |
treating |
wheel 轉(zhuǎn)動 |
wheeled |
wheeling |
pour 潑 |
poured |
pouring |
Verbs ending in –c
動詞以c結(jié)尾
If the verb ends in -c (e.g. panic), you need to add a -k before adding -ed and -ing, and also -er.
如果動詞以c結(jié)尾,在ed和ing前要加上k,在er前也要如此:
動詞 |
過去分詞 |
現(xiàn)在分詞 |
相關(guān)的名詞 |
picnic 野餐 |
picnicked |
picnicking |
picnicker 野餐者 |
mimic 模仿 |
mimicked |
mimicking |
mimicker 模仿別人的人 |
traffic 交易 |
trafficked |
trafficking |
trafficker 商人 |
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