英語(yǔ)話春節(jié)-年味十足的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗
Chinese Spring Festival, also called Lunar New Year, has more than 4,000 years of history. Being one of the traditional Chinese festivals, it is the grandest and the most important festival for Chinese people. It is also the time for the whole families to get together, which is similar with Christmas Day to the westerners. Originating during the Shang Dynasty (about 17th - 11th century BC), Spring Festival, which celebrates family reunion, is full of rich and colorful activities, and hopes with the advent of spring and flowers blossoming. People from different regions and different ethnic groups celebrate it in their unique ways.
中國(guó)的春節(jié)，也被稱為農(nóng)歷新年，迄今已有四千多年的歷史。對(duì)于中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是規(guī)模最大，最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。就如同西方的圣誕節(jié)一樣，春節(jié)是一家團(tuán)聚的日子。春節(jié)起源于商朝(公元前11-17世紀(jì))，為了慶祝全家團(tuán)圓和表達(dá)對(duì)春暖花開的期盼，節(jié)日期間會(huì)準(zhǔn)備豐富多彩的活動(dòng)。不同地區(qū)和不同少數(shù)民族人們會(huì)用自己獨(dú)特的方式慶祝這一傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。
Festival Time
節(jié)日時(shí)長(zhǎng)
It comes on the first day of Chinese lunar calendar and lasts for almost half of a month. But in folk custom, this traditional holiday lasts from the 23rd day of the twelfth month to the 15th day of the first month (Lantern Festival) in the lunar calendar. Among these days, the New Year’s Eve and the first day of the New Year is the peak time. The exact days are different in every year according to the lunar calendar.
春節(jié)從農(nóng)歷新年第一天開始，幾乎要持續(xù)一整個(gè)月。但在民間傳統(tǒng)中，這一節(jié)日從臘月23日就開始了，直到正月十五(元宵節(jié))。在這些天里，除夕和春節(jié)第一天是最熱鬧的時(shí)候。根據(jù)農(nóng)歷，每年除夕和春節(jié)所在的公歷日期都有所不同。
History
春節(jié)由來(lái)
It is said that the custom of Spring Festival started in when people offered sacrifice to ancestors in the last month of Chinese lunar calendar. At that time, people prepared the sacrifice by doing thorough cleaning, having bathes and so on. Later, people began to worship different deities as well on that day. It is the time that almost all the farm works were done and people have free time. The sacrificing time changed according to the farming schedule and was not fixed until the Han Dynasty (202BC-220AD). The customs of worshipping deities and ancestors remains even though the ceremonies are not as grand as before. It is also the time that spring is coming, so people held all kinds of ceremonies to welcome it.
據(jù)說(shuō)，春節(jié)起初源于人們?cè)谵r(nóng)歷臘月祭祀先祖，在那期間，人們?yōu)榱思漓霑?huì)做大掃除，沐浴換衣等等。后來(lái)人們開始在那一天敬奉神明。春節(jié)期間正好各種農(nóng)耕活動(dòng)結(jié)束，人們有空余時(shí)間。最開始的.祭祀日期由于農(nóng)耕活動(dòng)并不固定，直到漢朝(公元前202年-公元220年)才固定下來(lái)。祭祀神明和先祖的傳統(tǒng)延續(xù)下來(lái)，但并不像以前那樣浩大。春節(jié)也是春天的開始，所以人們會(huì)舉辦各種儀式迎接春天的到來(lái)。
Legends
春節(jié)傳說(shuō)
There are many legends about Spring Festival in Chinese culture. In folk culture, it is also called “guonian” (meaning “passing a year”). It is said that the “nian” (year) was a strong monster which was fierce and cruel and ate one kind of animal including human being a day. Human beings were scared about it and had to hide on the evening when the “nian” came out. Later, people found that “nian” was very scared about the red color and fireworks. So after that, people use red color and fireworks or firecrackers to drive away “nian”. As a result, the custom of using red color and setting off fireworks remains.
中國(guó)文化中有很多關(guān)于春節(jié)的傳說(shuō)。在傳統(tǒng)文化中，春節(jié)亦被稱為“過(guò)年”。傳說(shuō)“年”是一種兇猛異常的怪物，每天都會(huì)吃一種動(dòng)物(包括人)。人們非常懼怕他，當(dāng)“年”夜間出來(lái)活動(dòng)時(shí)，人們會(huì)找地方躲起來(lái)。后來(lái)，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)“年”非常害怕紅色和爆竹，于是，人們用紅色和鞭炮來(lái)驅(qū)趕“年”。久而久之，春節(jié)用大紅色和放鞭炮的習(xí)俗就保留了下來(lái)。
Festivities Schedule
春節(jié)活動(dòng)
Preparing the New Year starts 7 days before the New Year’s Eve. According to Chinese lunar calendar, people start to clean the house on Dec. 24, butcher on Dec. 26th and so on. People have certain things to do on each day. These activities will end Jan. 15th of the lunar calendar.
新年的準(zhǔn)備工作在除夕前的七天就開始了。根據(jù)中國(guó)農(nóng)歷，人們從臘月二十四開始打掃屋子，二十六日殺豬宰羊等等。每一天都有不同的活動(dòng)，所有這些活動(dòng)將在正月十五結(jié)束。
Customs and Practices
傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗
Every family does a thorough house cleaning and purchases enough food, including fish, meat, roasted nuts and seeds, all kinds of candies and fruits, etc, for the festival period. Also, new clothes must be bought, especially for children. Red scrolls with complementary poetic couplets, one line on each side of the gate, are pasted at every gate. The Chinese character 'Fu' is pasted on the center of the door and paper-cut pictures adorn windows.
過(guò)年期間，每家每戶都會(huì)做大掃除，購(gòu)買豐富的食物，包括魚肉堅(jiān)果，水果糖果等。另外，春節(jié)必須買新衣服，尤其是給小孩子購(gòu)買。門上貼上新對(duì)聯(lián)和福字，窗戶上還要貼上窗花。
Taboos
春節(jié)禁忌
The Spring Festival is a start for a new year, so it is regarded as the omen of a year. People have many taboos during this period. Many bad words related to “death”, “broken”, “killing”, “ghost” and “illness” or “sickness” are forbidden during conversations. In some places, there are more specific details. They consider it unlucky if the barrel of rice is empty, because they think they will have nothing to eat in the next year. Taking medicine is forbidden on this day, otherwise, people will have sick for the whole year and take medicine constantly.
春節(jié)是新的一年的開始，預(yù)示著一年的運(yùn)氣，所以過(guò)年期間有很多禁忌，比如“死”“破”“殺”“鬼”“病”這類字眼是談話中要避免的。在某些地方還有一些特殊的禁忌，比如新年米缸空了不是好兆頭，因?yàn)檫@預(yù)示著新的一年將沒東西吃，春節(jié)那天也不能吃藥，這會(huì)預(yù)示著新的一年疾病產(chǎn)生，醫(yī)藥不斷。
Festival Food
節(jié)日美食
Food during this happy event has its characteristics, which is the representative of Chinese festival food culture. Dumplings and the reunion dinner are indispensable at this time. Cold and hot dishes are all served. Fish is always an important dish then, which expresses people’s hope of having a wealthy year.
春節(jié)期間的食物也很有特色，代表著中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)飲食文化，餃子和團(tuán)圓飯是不可或缺的，冷盤熱菜都得上，魚也是春節(jié)一道重要的菜肴，它代表了人們年年有余的期望。
Best Places to Go
節(jié)日去去處
In China, different places have their own traditions and activities to celebrate the Spring Festival. Beijing, Guangzhou, Xian and Pingyao are some good places to go if one intends to come during the time period. If one does not want to travel so long, but still want to enjoy the atmosphere of Chinese New Year, the local Chinatown is the best place.
在中國(guó)，不同的地方慶祝春節(jié)的方式和傳統(tǒng)各不相同。北京、廣州、西安和平遙是不錯(cuò)的春節(jié)去處。如果國(guó)外的朋友不想去這么遠(yuǎn)的地方，當(dāng)?shù)氐闹袊?guó)城是感受春節(jié)氛圍的好地方。
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