英語(yǔ)論文答辯技巧

　　英語(yǔ)論文的寫作，主要用于參加國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)，促進(jìn)中外學(xué)術(shù)文化交流;在國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)刊物上發(fā)表，在國(guó)際上共享科研成果，英語(yǔ)論文也是達(dá)到學(xué)術(shù)交流的目的;另外英語(yǔ)論文還包括英語(yǔ)相關(guān)專業(yè)人員必要地用英語(yǔ)撰寫學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告或畢業(yè)論文等等。

　　(一)

　　Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

　　The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.

　　I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.

　　The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.

　　So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

　　Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.

　　Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.

　　Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.

　　Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.

　　Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.

　　Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.

　　OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.

　　(二)

　　Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am *** and my supervisor is prof.***. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.

　　The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style

　　in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper.

　　I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.

　　Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .

　　This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.

　　Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you(三)

　　Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.

　　Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels' addicts. For the above facts, I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper.

　　Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.

　　The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.

　　The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.

　　The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This time's literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.

　　The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, delete the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.

　　Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.

　　英語(yǔ)本科的論文答辯主要分為兩部分：自我陳述和回答答辯老師問題。

　　一、自述(用英語(yǔ)完成)：

　　1、先問好，再開始自述，自述時(shí)間為5-10分鐘，要簡(jiǎn)明扼要。

　　Good morning, all appraises committee members.

　　I am ___ and my supervisor is ___. The title of my paper is____.

　　2、接下來，一般要做一個(gè)大概十分鐘的presentation 在答辯前可從以下角度去考慮準(zhǔn)備答辯： 1、自己為什么選擇這個(gè)課題? 2、研究這個(gè)課題的意義和目的是什么? 3、全文的基本框架、基本結(jié)構(gòu)是如何安排的? 4、全文的各部分之間邏輯關(guān)系如何? 5、在研究本課題的過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)了那些不同見解?對(duì)這些不同的意見，自己是怎樣逐步認(rèn)識(shí)的?又是如何處理的? 6、論文雖未論及，但與其較密切相關(guān)的問題還有哪些? 7、還有哪些問題自己還沒有搞清楚，在論文中論述得不夠透徹? 8、寫作論文時(shí)立論的主要依據(jù)是什么?對(duì)以上問題應(yīng)仔細(xì)想一想，必要時(shí)要用筆記整理出來，寫成發(fā)言提綱，在答辯時(shí)用。

　　二。答辯(用英語(yǔ)完成)：

　　一般來說，老師會(huì)提問與你論文相關(guān)的問題。

　　可以是大的方面的：論文的背景知識(shí)、寫作思路、論文的結(jié)構(gòu)、論文所解決問題的意義等。

　　附：論文答辯技巧及常見問題

　　論文答辯是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)束時(shí)必不可少的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。其目的是考查學(xué)生：

　　1.能否聽懂并正確理解老師提問的主旨;

　　2.答辯是否深刻、有力和流暢;

　　3.對(duì)論文觀點(diǎn)闡述得是否透徹;

　　4.是否了解與論文有關(guān)的知識(shí)。

　　學(xué)生通過積極準(zhǔn)備論文答辯不僅可以增長(zhǎng)知識(shí)，溫故知新，而且可以拓寬和加深專業(yè)知識(shí)，提高自己的能力。

　　論文答辯的形式是分組進(jìn)行，設(shè)多個(gè)考場(chǎng)，每個(gè)考場(chǎng)有兩名以上答辯老師。學(xué)生進(jìn)入考場(chǎng)獨(dú)立面對(duì)答辯老師，對(duì)老師的提問當(dāng)場(chǎng)作答。論文答辯以答為主，以辯為輔。

　　因此，學(xué)生在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過程中必須注意提高自己的聽說能力。聽力不太好的學(xué)生，一旦由于緊張沒聽懂老師問的問題，可以請(qǐng)老師把問題重復(fù)一遍，而不是不懂裝懂、答非所問地亂講一通。如果老師重復(fù)一遍剛提的問題，你還是弄不明白，老師只好轉(zhuǎn)入下一個(gè)問題了。

　　答辯前應(yīng)做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，最重要的是熟悉論文的內(nèi)容及自己的觀點(diǎn)。學(xué)生參加答辯，要攜帶論文的.底稿和主要參考資料，以便入場(chǎng)前再熟悉一下自己的論文。答辯時(shí)雖然不能依賴這些資料，但遇到一時(shí)記不起來時(shí)，可以稍微翻閱一下有關(guān)資料。答辯時(shí)可以把老師所提出的問題和有價(jià)值的意見、見解記錄下來。通過記錄，不僅可以減緩緊張心理，而且還可以更好地吃透老師所提問的要害和實(shí)質(zhì)，同時(shí)還可以邊記邊思考，使思考的過程變得很自然。

　　在做了充分準(zhǔn)備的基礎(chǔ)上，大可不必緊張，要有自信心。樹立信心，消除緊張慌亂心理很重要，因?yàn)檫^度的緊張會(huì)使本來可以回答出來的向題也答不上來。只有充滿自信，沉著冷靜，才會(huì)在答辯時(shí)有良好的表現(xiàn)。下面是一些簡(jiǎn)單可行的實(shí)例供學(xué)生參考：

　　考官開頭常問的一些問題：

　　1.W ill you please give US a self-introduction? 有些學(xué)生可能由于緊張沒聽清問題便開始背誦論文的內(nèi)容，結(jié)果造成答非所問。

　　2.Give US a presentation of your thesis.有些學(xué)生一聽到‘thesis’便詳細(xì)而又不理解地背誦其論文內(nèi)容，在被打斷之后便不知該說什么。其實(shí)，考官只是想知道你對(duì)論文的總體了解，讓你簡(jiǎn)單闡明自己論文的內(nèi)容與觀點(diǎn)。

　　3.Why do you choose such a theme?/W hat do you want the reader get from your thesis? 對(duì)于這個(gè)問題，你可以談?wù)勀愕南埠茫�你想要讀者從中得到什么。

　　4.W hat is the uniqueness of your point of view?

　　對(duì)于這個(gè)問題，你可以談?wù)勀愕挠^點(diǎn)與他人不同之處及原因。這就要求你有相關(guān)知識(shí)。

　　之后便是針對(duì)你的論文的問題了。下面以一篇論文為例來說明考官?gòu)哪男┓矫鎭硖釂枴?/p>

　　DIFFERENT MARRIAGE CUST0MS BETWEEN CHINA AND ENGLISH SPEAKING C0UNTRIES

　　1.In your essay there is a sentence："With the development of economics，it is necessary for the countries all over the world to communication with each other.”Is there anything wrong with this sentence? Or "Another major difference in western countries，There is related to the traditional culture and religious belief marriage is generally related to them.”W hat is the meaning of this sentence?

　　考官問這一問題，是因?yàn)槟愕木渥佑忻黠@的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。提醒你應(yīng)該弄明白句子的基本語(yǔ)法，寫論文時(shí)應(yīng)該認(rèn)真細(xì)致。如果是筆誤，你應(yīng)該馬上發(fā)現(xiàn)此句中的錯(cuò)誤之處。economics應(yīng)是economy，to communication with each other 應(yīng)是 to communicate with each other,另一個(gè)句子應(yīng)該是Another major difference in the western marriage is related to their traditional culture and religious belief

　　2.You say "I believe that after some years there will be no difference in nation, color of skin, culture and language.” Is it possible? Can people all over the world live in the same nation and have the same color of skin，the same culture and language? 這一問題是考查你頭腦是否清楚。全世界的人怎么能是同一膚色，講同一種語(yǔ)言呢?事實(shí)上，你沒能正確地表達(dá)你的意思。你要表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)該是：As there will be more communication and cultural exchanges between peoples all over the world，people will understand each other better and there will be some changes in their culture and customs.

　　3.Do people in America throw rice to the newly wed couple at the wedding ceremony? Do you have any evidence? 提出這一問題是考查你的相關(guān)知識(shí)。既然把它作為論文來研究，必然要了解很多相關(guān)的知識(shí)，而且一定有論據(jù)來支持你的觀點(diǎn)。為使論文有說服力，寫論文時(shí)應(yīng)閱讀大量相關(guān)書籍。

　　4.You have mentioned the Traditional Chinese Wedding.Does it only belong to Chinese minor ethnic group or to the general? 這一問題是考查你在利用某種素材時(shí)是否認(rèn)真思考過。你所描述的應(yīng)該是中國(guó)普遍的婚俗而不是某一地區(qū)、某一少數(shù)民族的婚俗，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)有很多少數(shù)民族，而他們有著自己很獨(dú)特的婚俗。

　　5.In your essay you described both the traditional and the modern wedding in English speaking countries, esp，U.S.and Britain.Why not the modem wedding in China?

　　你的論文的目的應(yīng)該是促進(jìn)全球文化交流，但你僅僅描述一種在中國(guó)少見的婚俗，卻大量描述了西方的傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代的婚俗，這在結(jié)構(gòu)上失衡，還會(huì)誤導(dǎo)讀者，不僅起不到全球文化交流的作用，還會(huì)使人們對(duì)中國(guó)文化產(chǎn)生誤解。這里只是就一篇論文為例，來直觀地說明在寫論文和答辯時(shí)應(yīng)該注意的事項(xiàng)，大家可以舉一反三。總之，要通過論文答辯，應(yīng)注意：

　　1.在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過程中必須注意提高自己的聽說能力。

　　2.答辯前應(yīng)做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，最重要的是熟悉論文的內(nèi)容及自己的觀點(diǎn)。這一點(diǎn)十分重要，如果不熟悉論文的內(nèi)容及自己的觀點(diǎn)，答辯時(shí)很難自圓其說。

　　3.要有自信心。當(dāng)然，自信來自事先的充分準(zhǔn)備。

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