如何準(zhǔn)確把握文章段落大意
在職稱英語(yǔ)考試中，您會(huì)為密密麻麻的英文字母趕到無(wú)從準(zhǔn)確概括文章的段落大意嗎?稍微處理不好，就有可能影響接下來(lái)的考試。不要著急!博大考神職稱英語(yǔ)考試研究中心給您支招：如何準(zhǔn)確把握文章段落大意?
所謂“知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆”。其實(shí)，只要我們了解并熟悉了英語(yǔ)文 章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，準(zhǔn)確把握文章的段落大意就不是什么難事了。下面我們列舉職稱英語(yǔ)教材上面的'幾段話來(lái)剖析英語(yǔ)文 章中段落的結(jié)構(gòu)：
(一)【主題句段首型】
According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter outs a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quality with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.
本段共有四句話，該段的結(jié)構(gòu)是明顯的總分結(jié)構(gòu)，它的主題句是段落的第一句，美國(guó)的餐廳應(yīng)為人們不斷增大的肚子受到一定程度的指責(zé)。而后面的三句話則舉例子：服務(wù)員為客人提供過(guò)多的事物，這樣客人對(duì)餐廳的評(píng)價(jià)就會(huì)更高，一次來(lái)說(shuō)明本段的主題：美國(guó)餐廳應(yīng)受指責(zé)。
值得注意的是，在職稱英語(yǔ)考試中，這一類型的考題出現(xiàn)頻率相比之下要高得多。
(二)【主題句段中型】
The vegetable and fruit and flower merchants are surrounded by baskets of purple eggplants, green peppers, strings of tiny silvery onions, heads of bitter Indian spinach, and a dozen Indian vegetables for which I don’t even know the English names. I had forgotten about the profusion of fruit in India—it is only during the brief intense summer that you see much variety of fruit in Moscow. In Russia, as winter approaches all vegetables except for potatoes and the pervasive cabbage in soup seem to disappear from the menus.
本段共三句話，第一句列舉印度菜市場(chǎng)上蔬菜水果品種繁多的景象，以此引出主題句我已經(jīng)忘記了只有在莫斯科的夏天才能看到的品種多樣豐富的水果，而第三句話也是對(duì)主題句的又一個(gè)列舉。
(三)【主題句段尾型】
People live in cities today think that meat is something that comes warped in cellophane from the supermarket, potatoes come by the pound in plastic or paper bags, and feather grows in hats. The city dwellers’’ views are quite different from the views of their ancestors, who knew that meat is hunted down in the forest, potatoes are planted and weeded, and inky birds can produce feathers. Yet, whether people today realize it or not, they are still as dependent on animals and plants for their existence as their ancestors were.
本段共三句話，每一句話之間曾現(xiàn)層層遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系：首句介紹現(xiàn)在住城里的人對(duì)食物和衣服的看法，由此引出第二句介紹人類祖先對(duì)食物和衣服的看法，最后通過(guò)對(duì)比古人和當(dāng)代人對(duì)食物衣服的不同看法，總結(jié)出現(xiàn)在的人們和古人一樣需要?jiǎng)游锖椭参锊拍苌妗?/p>
如果大家時(shí)常遇到這種題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，主題句前面往往是接在專責(zé)關(guān)系詞后，如yet, but, however, on the contrary等。
(四)【隱含主題句型】
A bus driver must answer questions while guiding a bus through heavy traffic. All day long, the driver answers the same questions without becoming angry. Every few minutes a bus driver has to ask passengers to step to the rear of the bud. In spite of traffic snarls and thoughtless passengers who cause delays, a bus driver is expected to cover his or her route on schedule.
本段共四句話，閱讀完后會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)每一句話都在講述公交司機(jī)工作辛苦，所以我們需要自己歸納出主題句“Driving a bus is a hard work.”。
你來(lái)找找下面這段話的主題句吧!
2008綜合B概括大意選段：
The US isn't the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a "shared commitment" from immigrants for their adopted country's "values". In recent years, in addition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status, several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test last November. In March, a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test. It involved watching a video showing nude(裸體的) women bathing at beaches and gay(同性戀的) men kissing in public. The aim was to ensure that "newcomers will be comfortable with the country's liberal social mores(風(fēng)俗)".
【答案】第一句
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