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2013職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類B試題解析（6）
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When a child is ill in hospital, a parent's first reaction is to be (5l)them.
Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep ( 52) with their child , providing a bed or so fa on the ward.
But until the 1970s this (53)was not only frowned upon-it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children were (54) when their parents left , and so there was a blanket ban.
A concemed nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study " Nurse! I want my mummy"published in 1974 , ( 55) the face of paediatric nursing.
Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of (56)like Pamela had changed the face of patient care.
"Pamela's study was done against the (57) of a lively debate in paediatrics and psy-chology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in (58) . "
. "The idea was that if mum came to (59)a small child in hospital the child would beupset and inconsolable for hours. "
"Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at (60) the child stayed in a rela tively stable state but they might be depressed. "
"Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope (61) mum was eve coming back. "
"To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no-one should visit."
"But children were alone and depressed so Hawthorn said parents should be (62) to visit."
"Dr Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, saidher (63) had been seminal. "
"Her research put an end to the (64) when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward. "
" As a result of her work, parents and carers are now recognised as partners m care and are af forded the opportunity to stay with their children whilst they are in hospital, (65) has dramatically improved both parents' and children's experience of care. "
51. A. with B. over C. upon D. for
52. A. soundly B. overtime C. fortnight D. overnight
53. A. order B. thought C. exercise D. practice
54. A. hungry B. upset C. surprised . D. happy
55. A. changed B. examined C. covered D. cleaned
56. A. parents B. nurses C. doctors D. teachers
57. A. field B. background C. circles D. history
58. A. hospital B. family C. group D. school
59. A. worry B. control C. visit D. take
60. A. all B. large C. will D. it
61. A. useless B. that C. because D. whether
62. A. forced B. guided C. persuaded D. allowed
63. A. work B. condition C. doubt D. dream
64. A. months B. weeks C. days D. hours
65. A. which B. this C. what D. thus
解析:
51.A[解析]孩子住院了，父母的第一反應(yīng)肯定是要和孩子在一起。"to be with somebody"表示"和誰(shuí)在一起"。
52.D[解析]給父母在病房里提供床或沙發(fā)，是讓他們和孩子一起過(guò)夜。ovemight：整夜地，意思符合題意。
53.D [解析]此處應(yīng)指允許父母在醫(yī)院里陪孩子這種做法(practice)。
54.B[解析]醫(yī)院擔(dān)心父母一離開(kāi)，孩子會(huì)十分不安(upset)，所以干脆不讓父母和孩子見(jiàn)面。
55.A [解析]Pamela的研究使兒科護(hù)理的面貌發(fā)生了改變(change)。
56.B [解析]前面提到Pamela是一位護(hù)士(nurse)。
57.B[解析]英語(yǔ)里表示"在什么背景下"用"against the background of"這一搭配。
58.A[解析]此處顯然指允許父母到醫(yī)院探望孩子的時(shí)間。
59.C[解析]前面已經(jīng)提到去醫(yī)院探望(visit)孩子。
60.A[解析]本句意思是，如果父母干脆就不來(lái)醫(yī)院探望孩子會(huì)發(fā)生的情況。not at all: 一點(diǎn)也不。
61.B[解析]that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，修飾并說(shuō)明hope的具體內(nèi)容。
62.D [解析]be allowed to do sth：被允許做某事。孩子們獨(dú)自一人悶悶不樂(lè)，因此應(yīng)該允許父母親來(lái)探視。
63.A[解析]該篇文章的主題就是護(hù)士Parmela的工作(work)所產(chǎn)生的重大影響。
64.C [解析]"the days"表示"時(shí)代"。
65.A [解析]which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面提到的整件事情。
參考譯文
護(hù)士，我要媽媽
小孩子生病住院時(shí)，家長(zhǎng)的第一反應(yīng)是陪在他們身邊。
現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)醫(yī)院都在病房?jī)?nèi)提供床或沙發(fā)，允許父母陪孩子過(guò)夜。
但直到20世紀(jì)70年代，這個(gè)習(xí)慣不僅遭至不滿，而且還被積極阻止。工作人員擔(dān)心父母一離開(kāi)，孩子們會(huì)煩躁不安，因此就設(shè)置了全面禁令。
一位有心的護(hù)士，帕梅拉·霍桑，不同意此種做法，她的研究《護(hù)士，我要媽媽》發(fā)表于1974年，改變了兒科護(hù)理的面貌。
索爾福德大學(xué)護(hù)理專業(yè)的教授馬丁·約翰遜說(shuō)，像帕梅拉這樣的護(hù)士的工作改變了病人護(hù)理的面貌。
"帕梅拉的研究是在兒科學(xué)和心理學(xué)的激烈論辯的背景下完成的，這一論辯是關(guān)于女性應(yīng)該與孩子在醫(yī)院久的世界待在一起的程度以及在何種程度上允許她們探望住院的孩子。"
"一般的想法是如果母親來(lái)到醫(yī)院探望小孩，小孩就會(huì)煩躁不安，幾個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)無(wú)法安撫。"
"但這個(gè)護(hù)士卻注意到，如果母親完全不來(lái)探望，孩子會(huì)處于一種相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)，但他們可能會(huì)感到沮喪。"
"當(dāng)然我們現(xiàn)在知道了他們當(dāng)時(shí)幾乎放棄了母親再度回來(lái)的希望。"
"為了避免小小的痛苦，他們說(shuō)誰(shuí)也不應(yīng)該來(lái)探望。"
"但是孩子們那時(shí)是孤單沮喪的，所以霍桑說(shuō)應(yīng)該允許父母探望孩子。"
英國(guó)皇家護(hù)理學(xué)院的執(zhí)行董事長(zhǎng)和秘書長(zhǎng)皮特·卡特博士說(shuō)帕梅拉的工作有著開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的意義。
"她的研究使得父母在醫(yī)院病房門口將自己的孩子交到陌生人手上的日子一去不復(fù)返了。"
"結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在家長(zhǎng)和護(hù)工被視為護(hù)理方面的搭檔，家長(zhǎng)還獲得了與住院的孩子待在一起的機(jī)會(huì)，這就顯著地改善了家長(zhǎng)和孩子的護(hù)理體驗(yàn)。"
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