2016年職稱英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉ゎ愅晷翁羁站毩?xí)
An Intelligent Car(智能汽車)
Driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain. Many human drivers have all these and can control a fast-moving car. But how does an intelligent car control itself?
There is a virtual driver in the smart car. This virtual driver has “eyes”, “brains”, “hands” and “feet”, too. The minicameras on each side of the car are his “eyes”, which observe the road conditions ahead of it. They watch the traffic to the car’s left and right. There is also a highly automatic driving system in the car. It is the built-in computer, which is the virtual driver’s “brain”. His “brain” calculates the speeds of other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions. Basing on this information, it chooses the right path for the intelligent car, and gives instructions to the “hands” and “feet” to act accordingly. In this way, the virtual driver controls his car.
What is the virtual driver’s best advantage? He reacts quickly. The minicameras are sending images continuously to the “brain.” It completes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds. However, the world’s best driver at least needs one second to react. Besides, when he takes action, he needs one more second.
The virtual driver is really wonderful. He can reduce the accident rate considerably on expressways. In this case, can we let him have the wheel at any time and in amy place? Experts warn that we cannot do that just yet. His ability to recognize things is still limited . He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.
智能汽車
開(kāi)車需要目光銳利、耳朵靈敏、反應(yīng)敏捷和手腦間的協(xié)作。許多人類司機(jī)這些條件部具備，并可控制一輛急速行駛的汽車，但一輛智能車如何進(jìn)行自控?
智能車中有一位虛擬駕駛員。這位司機(jī)同樣有“眼”，有“腦”，有“手”，有“腳”。車兩側(cè)的微型攝像頭就是他的`眼，負(fù)責(zé)觀察車前方的路況。他們注意著車兩側(cè)的交通情況，車中也有高度自動(dòng)化的駕駛系統(tǒng)。這就是內(nèi)置的電腦，也就是虛擬司機(jī)的大腦。這個(gè)大腦計(jì)算出車近旁正在運(yùn)動(dòng)車輛的速度，并分析它們的位置�；谶@些信息，它為智能車選擇昀佳路徑，并給出指示以讓手腳做出相應(yīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。通過(guò)這樣的方式，虛擬司機(jī)就對(duì)車輛實(shí)行了控制。
虛擬司機(jī)的昀大優(yōu)點(diǎn)是什么?他的反應(yīng)速度很快。微型攝像頭不斷向“大腦”發(fā)送圖像數(shù)據(jù)。他完成圖像處理的時(shí)間為100毫秒。然而，世界上昀優(yōu)秀的人類司機(jī)也至少需要1秒鐘的反應(yīng)時(shí)間。當(dāng)他作出行動(dòng)時(shí)，又多得一秒。
虛擬司機(jī)的確很棒。在高速公路上，他可大大減少事故發(fā)生率。鑒于此，我們是否可以讓他在任何時(shí)間任何地點(diǎn)都駕駛汽車呢?專家們警告說(shuō)，我們現(xiàn)在還不能這樣做。智能車辨別事物的能力還很有限。目前，這種車只能在高速公路上行駛。
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