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2016年職稱英語考試《理工類》模擬題
下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有下劃線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。
1 A small number of firms have stopped trading.
A.hotels
B.shops
C.restaurants
D.companies
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：一小部分公司已經(jīng)停止交易。firm“公司”，四個選項(xiàng)：hotel“賓館”;shop“商店”：restaurant“飯店”;company“公司”。
2 That guy is really witty.
A.ugly
B.smart
C.honorable
D.popular
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：那個家伙確實(shí)聰慧。witty“聰明的，智慧的”，四個選項(xiàng)：ugly“丑陋的”;smart“聰明的”;honorable“可敬的，光榮的”;popular“流行的”。
3 Michael is now merely a good friend.
A.largely
B.possibly
C.just
D.rarely
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：現(xiàn)在Michael僅僅是一名好朋友。merely“僅僅”，四個選項(xiàng)：largely“在很大程度上，主要地”;possibly“也許，或許”;just“剛剛，只是，僅僅”;rarely“很少，難得”。
4 It seems highly unlikely that she will pass the exam.
A.very
B.completely
C.usually
D.mostly
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：她將通過考試，這似乎不大可能。highly“極，非常”，四個選項(xiàng)：very“非常”;completely“完全地”;usually“通常地”;mostly“大部分，主要地”。
5 My father is a physician.
A.researcher
B.professor
C.doctor
D.student
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：我的父親是一名內(nèi)科大夫。Physician“內(nèi)科大夫”，四個選項(xiàng)：researcher“研究者”;professor“教授”;doctor“大夫”;student“學(xué)生”。
6 The ice is not thick enough to bear the weigh of a tank.
A.suffer
B.accept
C.receive
D.endure
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：冰的厚度不足以承載坦克的重量。bear“承受”，四個選項(xiàng)：suffer“遭受”;accept“接受”;receive“收到”;endure“承受，忍受”。
7 It took US. a long time to mend the house.
A.build
B.destroy
C.design
D.repair
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：修理這個房屋花了我們很長時間。mend“修理”，四個選項(xiàng)：build“建造，建設(shè)”;destroy“破壞”;design“設(shè)計(jì)”;repair“修理”。
8 We are certain that he will get over his illness.
A.sure
B.happy
C.surprised
D.excited
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：我們確定他將會克服疾病。certain“肯定的，確定的”，四個選項(xiàng)：sure“肯定的”;happy“高興的”;surprised“吃驚的”;excited“興奮的”。
9 Did anyone call me when I was out?
A.invite
B.name
C.answer
D.phone
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：我出去時有人給我打電話嗎?call“打電話”，四個選項(xiàng)：invite“邀請”;name“命名”;answer“回答”;phone“打電話(給某人)”。
10 I don't quite follow what she is saying
A.believe
B.understand
C.explain
D.accept
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：我不太理解她說的內(nèi)容。follow“理解”，四個選項(xiàng)：believe“相信”：understand“懂，理解”;explain“解釋”;accept“接受”。
11 The world champion suffered a sensational defeat.
A.dramatic
B.reasonable
C.humiliating
D.horrifying
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：世界冠軍遭遇慘敗，這結(jié)果令人震驚。sensational“引起轟動的;引起眾人注意的”，四個選項(xiàng)：dramatic“戲劇性的;令人印象深刻的”;reasonable“合理的”;humiliating“羞辱 的”;horrifying“恐怖的”。
12 It is obvious that he will win the game.
A.likely
B.possible
C.clear
D.unwilling
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：很明顯，他將贏得比賽。obvious“顯而易見的”，四個選項(xiàng)：likely“可能的”;possible“有可能的”;clear“清楚的”;unwilling“不愿意的”。
13 This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.
A.praises
B.writes
C.describes
D.Imitates
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：這首詩描繪了南方小城美麗的自然景色。depict“描繪”，四個選項(xiàng)：praise“表揚(yáng)，稱贊”;writes“寫”;describes“敘述，描寫”;imitates“模仿”。
14 It seems that only Mary is eligible for the joB.A.prepared
B.trained
C.guided
D.qualified
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：似乎只有瑪麗適合這份工作。eligible“有資格的，合格的”，四個選項(xiàng)：prepared“準(zhǔn)備好的”;trained“被訓(xùn)練”;guided“被引導(dǎo)”;qualified“合格的，勝任的”。
15 Their parents once lived under very severe conditions.
A.sound
B.hard
C.strict
D.tight
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：他們的父母曾生活在非常艱難的環(huán)境中。severe“辛苦的，艱難的”，四個選項(xiàng)：sound“完好的，明智的，正確的”;hard“艱難的”;strict“嚴(yán)格的”;tight“緊密的，緊湊的”。
下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子作出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。
回答題:
Green Roof Research
The concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs, thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent( 流行 ) in Germany, which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research.
The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as "extensive" and "intensive" systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses, grasses and herbs, which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not need much maintenance, can be grown in a layer of substrate ( 土層 ) that can be as shallow as 1.5 inches, and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs, such as shrubs ( 灌木 ) and even trees, which require deeper substrate layers, and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people.
There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic (美學(xué)的 ) benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you, some of the common economic and ecological benefits are: a reduction in the consumption of energy; air and water purification; recovering green spaces; and the mitigation ( 緩解) of the heat island effect in urban areas.
The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs, the methods of propagation ( 繁殖 ) as well as establishment, nutrient (養(yǎng)料 ) and water requirement, substrates, and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are: at what rate they can be established their capacity to withstand invasive weeds; tolerance of cold and heat; tolerance of drought conditions; capacity of persistence and survival.
A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment, which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms.
Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors, and all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-a market that is too huge to be overlooked.
16 It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】題意為：據(jù)估計(jì)，德國10%的屋頂都進(jìn)行了綠化。本文第一段提到德國在“綠色屋頂”的研究及應(yīng)用方面處于領(lǐng)先地位，但并沒有具體說有10%的屋頂進(jìn)行了綠化。
17 German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】題意為：相比于“密集型”屋頂綠化，德國人更偏愛“粗放型”綠化模式。本文第二段解釋了“extensive green roof”和“intensive green roof”的含義，但并沒有提到德國人更偏愛extensive green roof。
18 Small plants like grasses and herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】題意為：“密集型”屋頂綠化廣泛種植著諸如香草這樣的小植被。從第二段“extensive green roofs use mosses，grasses and herbs”可知，種植青草的應(yīng)該是“粗放型”模式，所以本句錯誤。
19 Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】題意為：“綠色屋頂”是城市擴(kuò)大綠化面積的有效生態(tài)手段，第三段列舉了“綠色屋頂’'的各項(xiàng)生態(tài)及經(jīng)濟(jì)益處，所以本句正確。
20 One of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect in cities.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】題意為：“綠色屋頂”的其中一個優(yōu)點(diǎn)是可以緩解城市熱島效應(yīng)。由本文第三段末“the mitigation(緩解)of the heat island effect in urban areas”可知，本句正確。
21 One focus in the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】題意為：“綠色屋頂”研究的其中一個重點(diǎn)是選擇適宜屋頂綠化的植物品種。第四段首句“The green roof research…is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs”可知，本句正確。
22 Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environment, its potential market is rather small.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】題意為：盡管“綠色屋頂”技術(shù)能帶來花園般的美麗環(huán)境，它的潛在市場很小。有本文最后一段可知，“綠色屋頂”市場潛力巨大，所以本句錯誤。
下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：(1)第23—26題要求從所給的6個選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇1個標(biāo)題;(2)第27-30題要求從所給的6個選項(xiàng)中為每個句子確定一個最佳選項(xiàng)。
回答題：
The Supercomputer Network
1. Recently ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked. Their computers have been connected so they can "talk" to each other. This may not seem very dramatic news, but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously.
2. The Internet is an interconnected ( 互聯(lián) ) system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the lnternet is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download ( 下載 ) files, how much data you can store, etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be very difficult.
3. The new development in information technology has been called "the grid" (網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)), and it will be a network of computers that are linked together. The "grid" will work in a different way from the Internet, enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access
information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations.
4. One advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The "grid" will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska.
5. The "grid" can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You can give your assistant a task and "he" will do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data, compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the "grid" that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait.
6. At present, possible applications of the "grid" in scientific research are being explored. While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the "grid" could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on "grid" projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years.
23 Paragraph 2__________
A.How does the "grid" work?
B.Power shared
C.Just make a request
D.Limitations of present Internet use
E.Distance is not a problem
F.A new era for the Internet
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】第二段說在傳統(tǒng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)里，信息傳輸速度、存儲容量大小取決于個人電腦的性能。與未來的網(wǎng)格技術(shù)相比，這是傳統(tǒng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的缺點(diǎn)，故選D.Limitations ofpresent Internet usE.
24 Paragraph 3__________
A.How does the "grid" work?
B.Power shared
C.Just make a request
D.Limitations of present Internet use
E.Distance is not a problem
F.A new era for the Internet
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】第三段主要介紹了網(wǎng)格技術(shù)的原理：網(wǎng)格技術(shù)是將你的電腦與其他電腦連接起來，只要接入網(wǎng)格，就能應(yīng)用網(wǎng)格中最強(qiáng)大的電腦，突破個人計(jì)算機(jī)的性能局限。詞題的干擾項(xiàng)為B.Power shared(分享性能)，其實(shí)文章后面幾段都是在說網(wǎng)格技術(shù)的這一優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但由于題目要求是為第三段選擇標(biāo)題，B選項(xiàng)過于寬泛，A最能概括這一段的主旨。故選A。
25 Paragraph 4__________
A.How does the "grid" work?
B.Power shared
C.Just make a request
D.Limitations of present Internet use
E.Distance is not a problem
F.A new era for the Internet
參考答案：E
參考解析：
【解析】第四段說網(wǎng)格技術(shù)可以打破地域界限，自動選擇全球最合適的計(jì)算機(jī)完成特定的任務(wù)，顯然E最合適。故選E。
26 Paragraph 5__________
A.How does the "grid" work?
B.Power shared
C.Just make a request
D.Limitations of present Internet use
E.Distance is not a problem
F.A new era for the Internet
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】第五段講網(wǎng)格能成為我們的私人助手。只要給網(wǎng)格下任務(wù)，網(wǎng)格就能通過聯(lián)網(wǎng)的計(jì)算機(jī)自動尋找解決方案。C.“just make a request”即表達(dá)了這一意思。故選C。
27 Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access__________
A.the bigger computer stations
B.the advantage
C.ten years
D.information
E.your personal assistant
F.fifteen years
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】題意為：電腦的性能取決于電腦獲取的能力。從文章第二段可知，此處應(yīng)填“信息”，故選D。
28 The "grid" will enable you to get on your computer the power of __________in the world.
A.the bigger computer stations
B.the advantage
C.ten years
D.information
E.your personal assistant
F.fifteen years
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第三段最后一句while you access information，you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations可知，此處應(yīng)填the bigger computer stations，故選A。
29 The "grid" would be like __________ , who can perform your tasks efficiently.
A.the bigger computer stations
B.the advantage
C.ten years
D.information
E.your personal assistant
F.fifteen years
參考答案：E
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第五段第一句話The“grid”can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant可知，此處應(yīng)填your personal assistant，故選E。
30 It is believed that the widespread use of the "grid" will become possible in the next__________
A.the bigger computer stations
B.the advantage
C.ten years
D.information
E.your personal assistant
F.fifteen years
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第六段最后一句話Scientists working on“grid”projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years可知，應(yīng)是未來十年。故選C。
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項(xiàng)。
根據(jù)以下材料回答題：
Genetically Modified Foods
If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, healthy, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long grain traditions-and vocal green lobbies--the idea seems against nature.
In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of out lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the U.S. last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the U.S. this year. The genetic genie ( 妖怪 ) is out of the bottle.
Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. The U. N. estimates that nearly 800 million people around the world are undernourished. The effects are devastating. About 400 million women of child-bearing age are iron deficient, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defects. As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.
How can biotech help? Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with beta-carotene-which the body converts into vitamin A and additional iron, and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to pests, drought, poor soil and crop viruses, bacteria or fungi.
31
What's the passage mainly about?
A.The world's food problems.
B.The new advancement in biotech.
C.The characteristics of genetically modified foods.
D.How biotech can help solve the world's food problems.
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】第一段第一句話就提到轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是引起人們爭論的熱門話題，緊接著說明人們爭論的原因、轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的現(xiàn)狀、轉(zhuǎn)基因食品帶給人們的益處。選項(xiàng)A，B和D雖與文章內(nèi)容有關(guān)，但都沒有突出轉(zhuǎn)基因食品這一中心。
32 According to the passage, genetically modified foods__________
A.are superior to naturally grown foods
B.might prove to be risky to human health
C.are going to replace naturally grown foods
D.can solve the food problems in developing countries
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】文章中根本沒有就“genetically modified foods”和“naturally grown foods”做比較，也沒有說“genetically modified foods”將取代“naturally grown foods”，因此A、C項(xiàng)錯。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句話，轉(zhuǎn)基因、高技術(shù)含量的農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)向人們提出了各種各樣的有關(guān)于環(huán)境、健康、安全及倫理(違反自然規(guī)律)問題，以及第三段最后一句話：生物技術(shù)帶來的益處是否超過其所帶來的風(fēng)險?由此可推斷轉(zhuǎn)基因食品也許會對人們的健康有害，B正確。D錯在于文中并沒有說轉(zhuǎn)基因食品能幫助解決發(fā)展中國家人們的糧食短缺及營養(yǎng)不良問題。
33 The sentence "The genetic genie is out of the bottle." in Para. 2 probably means__________
A.the genetic genie, the key technology in producing genetically modified foods, is out in the market
B.the genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets
C.genetically modified foods are available everywhere
D.technology with which to produce genetically modified foods may have powers unpredictable or uncontrollable by man
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】語義推斷題。第一段開門見山地指出轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的潛在問題，第二段說明轉(zhuǎn)基因食品已成為我們生活的一部分，介紹了轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物在美國生產(chǎn)的現(xiàn)狀，而第三段第一句話又提出：仍有一些問題需要解決。因此可推斷此句是指基因技術(shù)的負(fù)面作用，D正確。此句借助于童話《漁夫與妖怪》的故事。
34 According to the passage, biotech can help solve the problem by__________
A.producing foods that contain more nutrients needed by human beings
B.creating more varieties of foods
C.producing beta-carotene and vitamin A more efficiently
D.producing anti-virus crops
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)最后一段，生物技術(shù)的作用在于：一是加強(qiáng)農(nóng)作物營養(yǎng)含量，二是提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)率，所以A項(xiàng)符合題意。
35 The author's attitude toward genetically modified foods is__________
A.enthusiastic
B.cautious
C.disapproving
D.optimistic
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】作者態(tài)度題。文章一開始就指出轉(zhuǎn)基因食品引發(fā)了各種各樣的問題，也提到了其帶給人們的益處，即有利有弊，可見作者對待轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的態(tài)度是非常慎重的(cautious)，既沒有十分熱心(enthusiastic)、樂觀(optimistic)，也沒有反對(disapproving)。
根據(jù)以下材料回答題：
The Emic and Etic Approaches
Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture. For example, they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful for each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied.
In conducting research on cultural and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and important to the people in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the eric approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concern is only that
the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. If, however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion, they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved.
How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In the emic approach, the researchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families, without regard to whether the information obtained in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethnic minority groups. In a subsequent study, the researchers may decide to adopt an eric approach by studying not only middle-class White families, but also lower-income White families, Black American families, Spanish American families, and Asian American families. In studying ethnic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that
the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families than in White American families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a more different pattern of family interaction than would the etic approach, documenting that research with middle class White families cannot always be generalized to all
ethnic groups.
36
According to the first paragraph, researchers unfamiliar with the target cultures are inclined to__________
A.be overcautious in constructing meaningful measures
B.view them from their own cultural perspective
C.guard against interference from their own culture
D.accept readily what is alien to their own culture
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】第一段的第一句里作者指出：對研究對象的文化和種族不熟悉的研究人員必須格外謹(jǐn)慎，研究中不要帶有從本國文化出發(fā)的任何偏見。根據(jù)題意，B項(xiàng)的意思表達(dá)了作者的這種擔(dān)心。
37 What does the author say about the emic approach and the eric approach?
A.They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issues.
B.The former is biased while the latter is objective.
C.The former concentrates on the study of culture while the latter on family issues.
D.They are both heavily dependent on questionnaires in conducting surveys.
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】第二段分別具體地介紹并區(qū)分了“the emic approach”和“the etic approach”兩種方法為不同的研究項(xiàng)目服務(wù)。顯然A項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的意思最能概括第二段的核心內(nèi)容。
38 The etic approach is concerned with__________
A.the general characteristics of minority families
B.culture-related concepts of individual ethnic groups
C.features shared by various cultures or ethnic groups
D.the economic conditions of different types of families
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】第二段第三句和最后一句清楚地表明了“the eric approach”為什么樣的研究目的服務(wù)。因此，C項(xiàng)為答案。
39 Compared with the etic approach, the emic approach is apparently more__________
A.culturally interactive
B.culture-oriented
C.culturally biased
D.culture-specific
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】第二段和第三段分別舉例說明了“the emic approach”和“the etic approach”這兩種研究方法的不同之處，讀者能較為容易地做出正確判斷。
40 Which of the following is true of the ethnic minority families in the U. S. according to the passage?
A.Their cultural patterns are usually more adaptable.
B.Their cultural concepts are difficult to comprehend.
C.They don't interact with each other so much as White families.
D.They have closer family ties than White families.
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】見倒數(shù)第二句。句中的the extended family描述了ethnic minority families的特點(diǎn)。
根據(jù)以下材料回答題：
The Development of Personality
Personality is to large extent inherent. A-type parents usually bring A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up ( 浸泡 ) A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: Remember that Philippines, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying, "Rejoice, We conquer!"
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively
harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to hide possible future employment. It is top management.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively form A-type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.
41
In line 2, Para. 2 the word "institution" refers to__________
A.establishment
B.social custom
C.law
D.school
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】在第二段第一句中，which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾school，因此說school is a highly competitive institution.選項(xiàng)D正確。
42 According to the passage, A-type individuals are in most cases__________
A.impatient
B.considerate
C.aggressive
D.agreeable
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第二段第三句：在競爭方面，A性格的人優(yōu)于B性格的人……。A錯在于文中沒有提到有關(guān)耐心的問題;B、D選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與原文內(nèi)容正相反。
43 The author strongly objects to the practice of examination at schools because__________
A.the pressure is too great on the students
B.some students are bound to fail
C.failure rates are too high
D.the results of examinations are doubtful
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)文章第三段第三句=¨.competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful(在失敗方面的競爭是有百害而無一利的)。A、D都是無關(guān)選項(xiàng);C過于片面。
44 The selection of medical professionals is currently based on__________
A.candidates' sensitivity
B.academic achievements
C.competitive spirit
D.surer values
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】根據(jù)第五段第二句：句首用perhaps…could be made，說明by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy還只是一種期望，現(xiàn)在還用by good grades。by good grades與academic achievement同義。
45 From the passage, we can draw the conclusion that__________
A.the personality of a child is well established at birth
B.family influence dominates the shaping of one's characteristics
C.the development of one's personality is due to multiple factors
D.B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】文章告訴讀者：個性的發(fā)展不單由遺傳決定。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知A、B錯誤;文章的目的在于強(qiáng)調(diào)B性格的人也應(yīng)受到鼓勵和重視，D錯誤。
下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。
回答題：
American Dreams
There is a common response to America among foreign writers: the U.S. is a land of extremes where the best of things are just as easily found as the worst. This is a cliche ( 陳詞濫調(diào) ).
In the land of black and white, people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world. But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone. 46 No class system or government stands in the way.
Sadly, this old argument is no longer true. Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy.
The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened. 47
Over the past 25 years the median U.S. family income has gone up 18 percent. For the top 1 percent, however, it has gone up 200 percent. Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth. 48
Inequalities have grown worse in different regions. In California, incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 percent since 1969. 49 This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans. The wealthiest 1 percent of households now control a third of the national wealth. There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty. At 12.7 percent of the population, it is the highest percentage in the developed world.
Yet the tax burden on America's rich is falling, not growing. 50 There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole. But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.
A.Nobody is poor in the U.S..
B.The top 0.01 percent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.
C.For upper class families they have risen 41 percent.
D.Now it is 9.8 times.
E.As it does so, the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.
F.All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.
46 第46題應(yīng)選_____
A.Nobody is poor in the U.S..
B.The top 0.01 percent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.
C.For upper class families they have risen 41 percent.
D.Now it is 9.8 times.
E.As it does so, the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.
F.All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.
第46題應(yīng)選_____
參考答案：F
參考解析：
【解析】空格前講到人們不應(yīng)該對巨大的貧富差距感到吃驚，美國夢讓每個人找到了出路，在給出的選項(xiàng)中，只有選項(xiàng)F“一個人必須做的就是努力工作，爬向梯子的最上面”符合文意要求。
47 第47題應(yīng)選_____
查看材料
參考答案：E
參考解析：
【解析】空格前講到貧富差距越來越大，后面應(yīng)該講到差距大的后果，結(jié)合給出的選項(xiàng)，只有選項(xiàng)E“正如它所顯示的，消除差距的可能性變得越來越小”符合題意。
48 第48題應(yīng)選_____
查看材料
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】空格前講到25年前，美國人前五位的平均收入是后五位的6.7倍，后面應(yīng)該講到現(xiàn)如今的情況，根據(jù)剩余選項(xiàng)可知，只有選項(xiàng)D“現(xiàn)在是9.8倍”符合題意。
49 第49題應(yīng)選_____
查看材料
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】空格前講到在加州，下層社會家庭的收入自1969年以來已經(jīng)下降了4%，下面應(yīng)該講解其對立面，所以選C“上層社會家庭的收入已經(jīng)提高了41%”。
50 第50題應(yīng)選_____
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】空格前講到美國富人的稅收壓力正在下降，而不是上升，根據(jù)剩余的兩個選項(xiàng)，只有選項(xiàng)B符合文意要求。
下面的短文有l(wèi)5處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定l個最佳選項(xiàng)。
回答題:
Male-Female Expectation about Marriage
The differences between men and women clarify why they have different expectations about communication in marriage. For women, talk 51 intimacy. Marriage is an orgy (狂歡 ) of 52 : you can tell your feelings and thoughts, and still be loved. Women's greatest fear is being pushed away. But men live in a hierarchical world, 53 talk maintains independence and statue. They are on 54 to protect themselves from being put down and pushed around.
This 55 the paradox of the talkative man who said of his silent wife, "She's the talker." In public settings, he feels challenged to 56 his intelligence and display his understanding. But at home, where he has 57 to prove and no one to defend against, he is free to remain 58 . For his wife, being home means she is free from the worry that something she says might 59 someone, or spark disagreement, or appear to be showing off ; at home she is 60 to talk.
The communication 61 that endanger marriage can't be fixed by mechanical engineering. They require a new conceptual framework about the 62 of talk in human relationships. Many of the psychological explanations may not be 63 , because they tend to blame either women (for not being assertive enough). 64 men (for not being in touch with their feelings). A sociolinguistic approach in 65 male-female conversation is seen as cross-cultural communication allows us to understand the problem and forge solutions without blaming either party.
51 第51題應(yīng)選：
A.traces
B.creates
C.needs
D.senses
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：對于女人來說，交談可以__________親密的感覺。四個選項(xiàng)：trace“跟蹤，追蹤，發(fā)現(xiàn)”;create“創(chuàng)造，引起，產(chǎn)生”;need“需要”;sense“感到，認(rèn)識到”。
52 第52題應(yīng)選：
A.closeness
B.calmness
C.toughness
D.thoroughness
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：婚姻意味著__________達(dá)到了放縱的程度：你可以訴說你的情感和想法。四個選項(xiàng)：closeness“親密，接近”;calmness“平靜，冷靜”;toughness“韌性”;thoroughness“完全性，徹底性”。
53 第53題應(yīng)選：
A.what
B.which
C.where
D.when
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：但是男人生活在一個分等級的世界里，在這個世界里，他們談話時仍然保持著獨(dú)立性和各自的身份地位。此處為定語從句，先行詞為a world，表示地點(diǎn)，所以用表示地點(diǎn)的關(guān)系詞where，根據(jù)語法和句意，C項(xiàng)符合句意。
54 第54題應(yīng)選：
A.guard
B.hand
C.duty
D.purpose
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：他們依然非常__________保護(hù)著自己，以免被羞辱或擺布。四個選項(xiàng)：on guard“警惕”;on hand“在手邊，在場”;on duty“值班，上班”;on purpose“故意，有意”;根據(jù)詞組意思和句意，A項(xiàng)符合句意。
55 第55題應(yīng)選：
A.exposes
B.exemplifies
C.expresses
D.explains
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：正是這種區(qū)別__________ 了這個自相矛盾的現(xiàn)象：多話的男人說自己沉默的妻子是一個健談的人。四個選項(xiàng)：expose“暴露，曝光展出”;exemplify“舉例說明”;express“表達(dá)”;explain“解釋”。
56 第56題應(yīng)選：
A.develop
B.provide
C.conceal
D.show
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：在公共場合，男人總是覺得應(yīng)該 __________ 自己的智慧，顯示自己的理解力。四個選項(xiàng);develop“發(fā)展，開發(fā)”;provide“提供”;conceal“隱藏”;show“顯示，表現(xiàn)出，表露”。
57 第57題應(yīng)選：
A.something
B.anything
C.nothing
D.everything
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：在家，男人__________需要證明的，也沒有人需要防衛(wèi)。四個選項(xiàng)：something“一些事情，一些東西”;anything“任何東西，任何事物”;nothing“沒有東西，沒有事情”;everything“每件事，一切”。
58 第58題應(yīng)選：
A.active
B.silent
C.talkative
D.cooperative
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：但是在家，男人就會變得__________。四個選項(xiàng)：active“主動的，活躍的”;silent“沉默的，無聲的”;talkative“健談的，多嘴的”;cooperative“協(xié)作的，配合的”。
59 第59題應(yīng)選：
A.abuse
B.offend
C.activate
D.interrupt
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：對于女人來說，在家意味著不用擔(dān)心她說的什么話會__________某人。四個選項(xiàng)：abuse“濫用”;offend“冒犯，得罪”;activate“激活”;interrupt“打斷”。
60 第60題應(yīng)選：
A.free
B.reluctant
C.likely
D.allowed
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：女人感覺在家的說話比較__________ ，因此在家的時候就話多。四個選項(xiàng)：free“自由的，不受約束的”;reluctant“不情愿的，勉強(qiáng)的”;likely“可能的，適合的”;allowed“允許”。
61 第61題應(yīng)選：
A.puzzles
B.problems
C.freedom
D.shortages
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：用機(jī)械工程學(xué)的方式也不能解決這種威脅婚姻的交流__________。四個選項(xiàng)：puzzle“謎，難題”;problem“問題”;freedom“自由，自主”;shortage“不足，缺少”。
62 第62題應(yīng)選：
A.reason
B.effect
C.role
D.origin
參考答案：C
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：他們需要一種新的概念，來幫助理解人際關(guān)系中談話的__________。四個選項(xiàng)：reason“理由”;effect“效果，作用”;role“角色，作用，任務(wù)”;origin“起源”。
63 第63題應(yīng)選：
A.helpful
B.productive
C.conclusive
D.significant
參考答案：A
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：許多心理學(xué)方面的解釋可能沒有__________，因?yàn)樗麄兛偸侵肛?zé)女人或男人。四個選項(xiàng)：helpful“有幫助的”;productive“多產(chǎn)的，富饒的”;conclusive“令人信服的，確鑿的”;significant“重大的，有意義的”。
64 第64題應(yīng)選：
A.not
B.and
C.nor
D.or
參考答案：D
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：因?yàn)樗麄兛偸侵肛?zé)女人__________男人。此題考查“either…or…”詞組的用法，表示“或者……或者……”，前面出現(xiàn)了either，后面當(dāng)然要用or，所以正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。
65 第65題應(yīng)選：
A.what
B.which
C.who
D.whom
參考答案：B
參考解析：
【解析】句意為：把男性與女性之間的談話看成一種跨文化的交流形式，正是這種社會語言學(xué)形式使我們理解了問題，在沒有指責(zé)任何一方的情況下找到了解決方案。此處為定語從句，先行詞是approach，關(guān)系詞前有介詞in，所以關(guān)系詞要用which;根據(jù)語法和句意，B項(xiàng)符合句意。
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