公共英語一級閱讀理測試試題（附答案）
測試試題一：
Stricter Traffic Law can Prevent Accidents
From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.
It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-years-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.
It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as to severe if tit results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.
1. The main idea of this passage is
[A] Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.
[B] Thousands of people the world over are killed each year.
[C] The laws of some countries about driving are too lax.
[D] Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.
2. What does the author think of society toward motorists?
[A] Society smiles on the motorists.
[B] Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.
[C] Victims of accidents are nothing.
[D] Society condones their rude driving.
3. Why does the author say:’ his car becomes the extension of his personality?’
[A] Driving can show his real self.
[B] Driving can show the other part of his personality.
[C] Driving can bring out his character.
[D] His car embodies his temper.
4. Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?
[A] Build more highways.
[B] Stricter driving tests.
[C] Test drivers every three years.
[D] raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.
5. The attitude of the author is
[A] ironical
[B] critical
[C] appealing
[D] militant
Vocabulary
1. immunise 使免疫，使免除
2. expectation of life = life expectancy 平均壽命
3. versus = against 對頂，反對
4. mutilate 傷害
5. wilful 任性的，固執(zhí)的
6. benign 寬厚的，仁慈的
7. condone 寬容
8. desecrate 褻瀆，玷污
9. code 法規(guī)，規(guī)定，慣例
10. stringent 嚴格的，緊急的，迫切的
11. performance 演出，成品，這里car’s behavior such as speed, function etc.可譯成行為，汽車行為、功能等。
難句譯注
1. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.
【參考譯文】人和汽車對抗!這是一場人類永遠是輸家的無休止的戰(zhàn)斗。
2. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.
【參考譯文】應(yīng)當禁止所有強調(diào)力量和表現(xiàn)行為的廣告。
寫作方法與文章大意
文章論述“交通事故”，采用因果、對比手法。從人的平均壽命增加和交通事故率成正比談起，觸及事故率上升的原因，要求制定更嚴格的法規(guī)予以制止種種造成事故的不良行為。
答案詳解
1.D 只有更嚴格的交通法規(guī)才能制止交通事故。這在最后一段的結(jié)論中體現(xiàn)的最清楚。前面幾段只是講造成事故的種種原因。其目的就是：“是制定世界交通法規(guī)以減少無謂的生命浪費的時候了。對于開車，有些國家的法規(guī)太松弛，甚至最嚴格的國家也不夠嚴格。世界公認之法律只可能對交通事故率起大大降低的作用(有非常好的效果。)”這里列出幾件要干的事：“駕駛測試應(yīng)當標準化，比現(xiàn)在的要嚴格;所有死機每三年考核一次;年輕人駕車的允許年齡應(yīng)提高到21歲;全部機動車每年都應(yīng)經(jīng)過嚴格的安全測試(測定其安全性)……這些步驟可能聽起來異常嚴厲，可是，如果其結(jié)果事減少每年死傷人數(shù)的話，就不存在什么太嚴格的事了�！�
A. 主要是機動車死機造成的交通事故。
B. 全世界每年有幾千人喪生。
C. 有些國家的交通法規(guī)太松弛。這三道答案都是文中談到某一點，不能作為中心目的。
2.D 社會寬容這種野蠻開車行徑。答案就在第三段：“令人驚訝的是社會對司機寬厚地笑笑，似乎寬容他們的行為。一切都為他們的方便而干。人們允許城市由于交通擁擠而幾乎不能居住了，大型停車場把城鎮(zhèn)“弄得”丑陋不堪，公路網(wǎng)玷污了鄉(xiāng)村，每年大量的殺傷僅僅成為統(tǒng)計數(shù)字，被很容易地忘記。”
A. 社會對司機笑容可掬。
B. 大型停車場建在市和鎮(zhèn)上。
C. 交通死難者等于零。這三項都只是第三段的一個個具體事實。社會正是通過這一件件事來寬容司機野蠻開車，而造成事故。
3. A “他的車就是他個性的外延”這句話就體現(xiàn)了“開車表現(xiàn)他真正的自我，真實的個性”。第二段講的'很清楚：“這么說完全正確：當一個人坐在方向盤后，他的車就成為他個性的外延。毫無疑問，汽車常常表現(xiàn)了人之最壞的品質(zhì)。平常很安詳愉快的人一坐在方向盤后可能就變得難以認識。他們咒罵、行為差勁、好斗、固執(zhí)、任性得就像兩歲的孩子。他們所有隱藏的失落、失望和忌妒感，似乎都在開車中暴露出來”。
B. 表現(xiàn)他個性的另一面。
C. 表現(xiàn)了他的性格。
D. 他的車體現(xiàn)了他的脾氣秉性。只是表現(xiàn)自我中的某個事實。
4.A 只有建更多高速公路。沒有提。
B. 更難的測試。
C. 每三年對司機進行一次考察。
D. 提高年齡段和制定安全條例。都提到。見第一題譯注。
5.B 批評的態(tài)度。文章第一、二、三段指出了造成交通事故的原因，呼吁各國制定嚴格的交通法規(guī)，批評現(xiàn)有的交通法規(guī)松弛不嚴格，最后指出世界是人類的，不是摩托車的等等，都說明作者對上述種種都具批評的態(tài)度。
A. 諷刺的。
C. 哀求的、呼吁的。
D. 富有戰(zhàn)斗性的。
測試試題二：
Dropouts for Ph. D. s
Educators are seriously concerned aboutthe high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and theconsequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed thedropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however,largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study waspublished. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent toformer graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed toshow many past fears to be groundless.
The dropouts rate was found to be 31per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D.requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing wellfinancially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levelsof those who went on to complete their doctorates.
Discussing the study lastweek, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concernfrequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of theindividuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing therequirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to bea waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources alreadybeing used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage ofhighly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuadingthe dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’
“Theresults of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support theseopinions.”
1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for droppingout.
2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as wasconsistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.
3. Mostdropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education andmotivation.
Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academicreason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failureto pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to passlanguage exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified bydropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was markedby 19 per cent.
As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chartshowed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none ofthe Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ‘s shone inthe $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for thedropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in theacademic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are stilllagging behind other fields.
As to the possibility of getting dropouts backon campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevailfor at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduateschool would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level ofincome and in some cases their present job.
1. The author states thatmany educators feel that
[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts backto campus.
[B] the fropouts should return to a lower quality school tocontinue their study.
[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjustedperson than the dropout.
[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributableto the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.
2. Research hasshown that
[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financialattainment.
[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.D. studies.
[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field ofspecialization if he drops out.
[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D.work do not complete the work to earn the degree.
3. Meeting foreignlanguage requirements for the Ph. D.
[A] is the most frequent reason fordropping out.
[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for thehumanities candidate.
[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D.programs.
[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.
4. Afterreading the article, one would refrain from concluding that
[A] optimismreigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of thedegree.
[B] a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes tolearn the degree.
[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial numberof Ph. D. dropouts.
[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve innonacademic positions.
5. It can be inferred that the high rate ofdropouts lies in
[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.
[B] academic requirementtoo high.
[C] salary for dropouts too high.
[D] 1000positions.
Vocabulary
1.dropout 輟學者，中途退學
2.well-rounded 全面的
3.attrition 縮/減員，磨損
4.drain 枯竭
5.bracket 一類人，(尤指按收入分類的)階層
6.lagging behind other fields 落后于其它領(lǐng)域
7.glum 陰郁的
難句譯注
1.Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate ofdropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss oftalent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s.
「參考譯文」教育工作者嚴重關(guān)注博士生輟學的高比率;這對迫切需要博士生的國家是一個人才方面的嚴重損失。
2.It was base on 22，000questionnaires sent to former graduate students who wereenrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to begroundless.
「結(jié)構(gòu)分析」sent過去分詞，修飾questionnaires.Who定語從句修飾students.
「參考譯文」這份全面調(diào)查報告是以22000份調(diào)查表分送給以前在24所大學就讀的博士生為基礎(chǔ)的。這份全面調(diào)查報告似乎說明過去許多擔心害怕是沒有根據(jù)的。
3.Attritionat the Ph. D. lever is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and adrain on university resources already being used to capacity.
「結(jié)構(gòu)分析」被動句。Tocapacity滿額，全力。
「參考譯文」博士水平的人員的縮減被認為是寶貴的教授時間的浪費和已經(jīng)被使用到極限的大學資源的枯竭。
4.This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academicfields， where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries， are still laggingbehind other fields.
「結(jié)構(gòu)分析」the fact的同位語that從句中的where是定語從句，修飾academicfields.
「參考譯文」這也可能表明這樣一個事實：在博士能掙到最高工資的學術(shù)領(lǐng)域中，高工資仍然落后于其它領(lǐng)域。
寫作方法與文章大意
這是一篇論及“博士生輟學”的文章。采用對比和因果手法。文章一開始就提出教育工作者嚴重關(guān)注博士生輟學達50%的問題。而調(diào)查報告證明，只有31%。輟學造成不良后果，有人建議中途退學者回爐再念博士學位學業(yè)。研究表明不行。列出理由并加以分析。
答案詳解
1.A.許多教育工作者感到應(yīng)采取步驟讓輟學者回校學習，特別是有些學科。這在第三段最后一句話：“有些人建議高級專家和大學教師短缺現(xiàn)象可以通過勸說輟學者返回校園完成博士學位來減少。”
B.輟學者應(yīng)回到稍第幾的學校去完成學業(yè)。
C. 有博士學位的人一般比輟學者具有較好的適應(yīng)性。
D.高輟學率主要原因在于教師方面缺乏刺激鼓勵。這三項文內(nèi)沒有提。
2.D.約三分之一開始就讀博士學位的人沒有完成學業(yè)取得學位。第二段第一句：“輟學率為31%。大多數(shù)情況下，輟學人不能完成博士學位學業(yè)，就去從事生產(chǎn)性工作”。
A.輟學者的經(jīng)濟收入比博士生低許多。這是錯的。見倒數(shù)第二段：“作為輟學者干得真不錯的證明，統(tǒng)計圖表說明2%人文學科的輟學者年收入為20000多沒勁，沒有一個同樣背景的博士生達到這個數(shù)字。7000至15000美元年收入水平為博士生的78%，輟學者僅為50%。“
B.在博士學習中刺激因素較小。
C. 博士預(yù)備生如果中途退學很可能改變其專業(yè)領(lǐng)域。
3.C.博士生應(yīng)達到外語要求的水平是許多博士生課程的一個基本組成部分。這在第四段有所表示：“約75%的退學者說，他們決定退學并不是處于學術(shù)的原因，而處于學術(shù)原因的退學者提出：難以通過資格考試，難以完成研究，通不過外語考試“。這里看出外語是博士生課程的基本組成部分。
A.它是退學最頻繁的原因。
B. 它對理科博士生比文科博士應(yīng)考生更難。
D.它在大學中的難度并沒有不同。
4. A.讀完這篇文章，人們不會有這種結(jié)論。這在第三段末和最后一段。第三段末：“我們研究的結(jié)果并不支持這些一件(包括返回校園之意見)：⑴缺乏動力是退學的主要原因。⑵大多數(shù)退學者在博士課程上已經(jīng)達到和他們的能力水平和專業(yè)水平相一致的水平。⑶大多數(shù)退學者現(xiàn)在從事的工作和他們所受教育和動機相一致�！白詈笠欢危骸敝劣诜祷匦@的可能性，前景不樂觀。至少有25%的退學生可能考慮返回研究生院就讀，條件是保證他們保留現(xiàn)有的收入水平，有些還要保留他們目前的工作�！�
B.博士生退學者，大體而論，并不具備得到學位所需要的一切。
C. 學院和大學雇傭了許多退學生。
D.博士生在非學術(shù)崗位上沒有掙到他們應(yīng)得的錢。
B.C.兩項文內(nèi)沒提。D.不對，參見難句譯注4.
5. A. 博士生的工資太低。見第四題A.的譯注和難句譯注4.
B. 學術(shù)要求太高。這只是某些因?qū)W術(shù)原因輟學者之強調(diào)點。
C.輟學者工資太高。不是太高而是有一部分高于博士生。見第二題D項注釋。
D. 職位低。文內(nèi)沒有提。
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