2016考研英語符號的作用大解析
問號
考研英語中,閱讀文章中的問號一般都是設(shè)問的功能,只問不答,答案不言自明,請一定認(rèn)真品味作者想要表達(dá)的真實(shí)含義。比如 2014年閱讀text1 中有句話“We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? 此處help?really?中問號就暗示我們作者對以上的說法是非常不以為然的。
同時,關(guān)于問號,我們還需要注意如果一篇文章開篇就是問句,那么則屬于問題答案型文章,對問題的回答就是全文主旨。比如1996年text4 第一段:What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America-breakthroughs such as the telegraph , the steamboat and the weaving machine?那么這篇文章的中心,我們就一目了然了。
冒號
冒號前后是從抽象到具體的過程,后面進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明前面的`內(nèi)容。所以我們往往可以分句冒號后面的東西來準(zhǔn)確理解冒號之前的內(nèi)容。1997年題目問劃線單詞的意思,原文如下:We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. 那么我們根據(jù)冒號之后的解釋,可以很輕易的從[A] widespread [B] overwhelming [C] piercing [D] fashionable 中選出正確答案 [A]
破折號
如果句子出先一個破折號,則表明后面的內(nèi)容對破折號之前的內(nèi)容起補(bǔ)充說明或評價判斷的作用,類似于冒號;
如果句子中間有兩個破折號,如In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. 兩破折號之間所夾內(nèi)容通常稱為“插入語”起補(bǔ)充說明作用,在考研30年的歷史中,兩個破折號之間的插入語從來沒有出過正確答案,所以可先跳過不看,以減少閱讀量。
分號
分號前后是并列關(guān)系,如果句中有一個分號,則表明分號前后語義相同,如1997年閱讀中有道題目問69.The sentence “This is no flash in the pan” (Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that ________.回到原文中:This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. 那么根據(jù)分號前后語義相同我們很容易選出正確答案為[A] the low inflation rate will last for some time。
如果句中出現(xiàn)兩個或以上的分號,則表明分號前后的東西在結(jié)構(gòu)上是并列的。如96年第四篇中Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country ‘ s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors ; and above all the American genius for nonverbal , “spatial” thinking about things technological 。
引號
引號有三種作用①引用,②強(qiáng)調(diào),③諷刺 尤其需要注意的是第三種表示諷刺的作用,因?yàn)樗凳局髡卟⒉徽J(rèn)同的態(tài)度。比如“Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.這句話中creationism前面的Scientific加了引號,就表明作者認(rèn)為創(chuàng)始論其實(shí)是不科學(xué)的。那么題目"Creationism" in the passage refers to ________. [A] evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe[B] a notion of the creation of religion [C] the scientific explanation of the earth formation [D] the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe 中正確答案就顯然為[D]了。
那么,我們怎么能知道具體到某句話中,引號到底是表示引用,強(qiáng)調(diào),還是表示諷刺呢?通常,如果加引號的詞是含有褒義或者說正向意義的詞,那么加了引號就表明的是諷刺了。
逗號
逗號主要是用于分割并列成分。在考研閱讀中,如果逗號之前人名、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱等專有名詞,逗號之后或者兩個逗號之間內(nèi)容為對這些內(nèi)容的身份、地位等等的解釋說明成分時,通常與解題無關(guān),可以跳過不看。比如In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme.中,Chancellor of the Exchequer就可以跳過不讀。
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