英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法歸納
導(dǎo)語(yǔ): 在復(fù)習(xí)六級(jí)考試的過(guò)程中,大家是不是對(duì)語(yǔ)法部分很頭疼呢?以下是定語(yǔ)從句的知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納,超級(jí)詳細(xì)!
1.先行詞為all, anything, something, nothing, everything, much, little, none等不定代詞時(shí),關(guān)系代詞一般只用that,不用which。在大多數(shù)情況下that可以省略.
Please tell me everything (that) you know about the matter.
2.a(chǎn)s引出的限制性定語(yǔ)從句
在such …as的結(jié)構(gòu)中as可作關(guān)系代詞,引出限制性定語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)和same連用,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。
Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.
3.a(chǎn)s引出的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
as可作關(guān)系代詞引出非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,代替整個(gè)主句,通常譯為“(正)如…一樣”,“(正)象…一樣”等。as引導(dǎo)的從句一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,可以位于主句的前面、中間或后面.
I live a long way from work, as you know.
4.分隔式定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后,但有時(shí)會(huì)被其他句子成分與先行詞隔開,從而構(gòu)成分隔式定語(yǔ)從句。
The days are gone when power politics worked.
5.介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)引出的定語(yǔ)從句
如果關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ),那么這個(gè)介詞可以提到從句前,構(gòu)成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which/whom等)+定語(yǔ)從句”。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞不可以用that。
This is a subject about which we might argue for a long while.
6.關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中?梢允÷,一般有以下幾種情況:
1) 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí),在大多數(shù)情況下可以省略。
This is something (that) you must always keep in mind.
關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞位于句尾時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可以省略;介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時(shí)則關(guān)系代詞不能省略。
This is the room (which) Churchill was born in.
2) 關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般不能省略,但如果關(guān)系代詞在由there …be存在句構(gòu)成的定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略。
This is the only book (that) there is on this subject.
3) 在way后面的定語(yǔ)從句中in which或that通常省略。
That’s the way (that/in which) I look at it.
7.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞或整個(gè)主句,起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的`作用,如果省略掉,原句句意仍保持完整。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開,其引導(dǎo)詞不能用that。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句屬于正式語(yǔ)體。經(jīng)?嫉降姆窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句有以下三種。
1)由which、as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。which、as代表整個(gè)主句。
He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.
2)由 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
He sent her a letter, in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.
3)由 “數(shù)詞、代詞或名詞+of +關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
He had three sons, one of whom was my son’s classmate.
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