沖刺英語四級的簡短回答
一、命題規(guī)律
四級考試中,自1997年1月開始出現(xiàn)了簡答題.評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是:在評分時同時考慮內(nèi)容和語言,每題為2分.
簡短回答問題一般放在試卷二上,每次為一篇300字左右的短文.短文后附五個問題或不完整的句子,要求在閱讀后用正確、簡短的英文回答問題或完成句子.與閱讀理解一樣,簡答題的題型也是多種多樣的,但總的說來,可以分為:主旨大意題、邏輯推理題和事實細(xì)節(jié)題。在回答問題時,一定要根據(jù)題型及提問方式采取相應(yīng)的對策.
二、答題技巧
一般來說,做簡答題可以遵循以下幾個步驟(含注意事項):
1)閱讀要有的放矢.可先用1分鐘左右來大致了解一下文章后面提出的問題及其所問的內(nèi)容,做到閱讀文章時心中有數(shù),帶著問題去閱讀.這樣就節(jié)約了時間,又提高了效率,同時還把握住了回答問題的準(zhǔn)確度.
2)然后,用5分鐘左右來仔細(xì)閱讀.不宜過急過快,以免欲速則不達(dá).閱讀時憑腦中對各問題的印象,隨時捕捉與問題有關(guān)的信息詞.同時可適當(dāng)做些記號,以便做題時查找.
3)原則上,讀一遍原文即可回答問題.如果遇到有難度的問題,難以立刻找到答案,可有選擇的再仔細(xì)閱讀原文與該題有關(guān)的內(nèi)容.切忌憑自己主觀臆斷來答題.
4)答題是盡量使用自己的語言,不要過多照抄文中的語句.如原封不動照抄一句扣0.5分,照搬兩句及以上扣2分,因此即便是肯定原文中的某句就是正確答案,也不能完整地抄下來,而應(yīng)做些變動.
5)答案要簡潔、扼要,書寫要工整清晰,爭取以最簡單易懂的詞句來說明問題.要學(xué)會抓住關(guān)鍵詞,問什么答什么,不要有任何多余的、拖泥帶水的廢話.
例:1997年1月真題
In Britain,the old Road Traffic Act restricted speeds to 2 m.p.h(miles per hour) in towns and 4 m.p.h. in the country.Later Parliament increased the speed limit to 14 m.p.h..But by 1903 the development of the car industry had made it necessary to raise the limit to 20 m.p.h..By 1903,however,the law was so widely ignored that speeding restrictions were done away with altogether.For five years motorists were free to drive at whatever speeds they liked.Then in 1935 the Road Traffic Act imposed a 30 m.p.h. speed limit in built-up areas,along with the introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossing.
Speeding is now the most common motoring offence in Britain,offences for speeding fall into three classes:exceeding the limit on a restricted road,exceeding on any road the limit for the vehicle you are driving,and exceeding the 70 m.p.h. limit on any road. A restricted road is one where the street lamps are 200 yards apart,or more.
The main controversy surrounding speeding laws is the extent of their safety value.The Ministry of Transport maintains that speed limits reduce accidents.It claims that when the 30 mp.p.h. limit was introduced in 1935 there was a fall of 15 percent in fatal accidents.Likewise,when the 40 m.p.h. speed limit was imposed on a number of roads in London in the late fifties,there was a 28 percent reduction in serious accidents.There were also fewer casualties in the year after the 70 m.p.h. motorway limit was imposed in 1966.
In America,however,it is though that the reduced accident figures are due rather to the increase in traffic density.This is why it has even been suggested that the present speed limits should be done away with completely,or that a guide should be given to inexperienced drivers and the speed limits made advisory,as is done in parts of the USA.
【分析】這篇文章屬于沒有明顯主題句的類型.針對這類文章出的題目主要是細(xì)節(jié)題.因為它不涉及作者個人的觀點、看法,也推不出什么顯而易見的結(jié)論.只是就事論事,不帶主觀偏見的陳述一些事實.遇到這類文章時一定要讀得細(xì)些,以加快做題中回掃定位的速度和準(zhǔn)確度.
全文共分四段.首段回顧了英國歷史上交通法規(guī)對行車速度的限制.第二段談現(xiàn)狀,說超速是目前英國最常見的交通違規(guī)行為.第三段講圍繞限制超速的一些爭論,主要擺出了英國交通部的觀點.第四段講美國人對限制速度意義的不同認(rèn)識.
Question:
1. During which period could British motorists drive without speed limits?
【參考答案】From 1930 to 1934. / Between 1930 and 1934.
2. What measures were adopted in 1935 in addition to the speeding restrictions?
【參考答案】Driving tests and pedestrian crossings. / The introduction of driving tests and pedestrian crossingd.
3. Speeding is a motoring offence a driver commits when he ____.
【參考答案】exceeds the different speed limits in different areas.
4. What is the opinion of British authorities concerning speeding laws?
【參考答案】Speed limits reduce accidents.
5. What reason do Americans give for the reduction in traffic accidents?
【參考答案】The increase in traffic density.
三、題型分析
(一)主旨大意題
做此類題要求用最簡潔而又內(nèi)涵豐富的詞或短語高度概括文章的'中心思想.但難點往往在于:雖然看懂了短文,也知道中心意思,但卻不知如何表達(dá).此時,關(guān)鍵是找主題句,通過對主題句進(jìn)行必要的改動,就能找到最佳答案.而主題句通常都在段首或段尾,有時是一疑問句或一簡單句,且具有語法上的獨立性.關(guān)鍵詞有:in short、in my opinion、that is、therefore、I believe/suggest/think、in fact等等.
(二)事實細(xì)節(jié)題
�、倜枋鲂灶}目
該類題能從原文中直接找出答案。此類細(xì)節(jié)題答案一般是句子謂語或賓語等主干成分，只需略做變化即能寫出答案。
�、谝蚬皖}目
該類題短文中能直接找到原因或結(jié)果。通常表原因的關(guān)鍵詞有:for that reason,for,as,because,since,as a result of,owing to,thanks to等.表結(jié)果的關(guān)鍵詞有:as a result,therefore,consequently,thus,accordingly,so等.閱讀時要注意這些詞后面的內(nèi)容.
�、鄯独皖}目
該類題需要概括答案的.表示舉例的關(guān)鍵詞有:for example,such…as,for instance,that is,as follow等.
�、鼙容^對照型題目
比較對照目的在于所涉及的兩個事物之間不同或相似之處,進(jìn)而說明主題.表對照的關(guān)鍵詞有:however,nevertheless,in contrast,on the other hand,but,yet,while等.表比較的詞有:likewise,in the same way,as if,as等
�、菝鑼憯⑹鲂皖}目
該類題需要變換詞法或句型.此類題句子內(nèi)容和表達(dá)此再原文中能找到,關(guān)鍵是進(jìn)行時態(tài)的變換,句型的轉(zhuǎn)換.在替換過程中一定要特別注意時態(tài),單、復(fù)數(shù)和動名詞等.
(三)邏輯推理題
主要包括：描述事實基礎(chǔ)上的推理和邏輯上的推理
�、痹诿枋鍪聦嵒A(chǔ)上的推理題.只要在描述細(xì)節(jié)句子范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行推理,不必顧及整體文章主旨,以防干擾.
�、餐ㄟ^前后句以及上、下文內(nèi)在邏輯進(jìn)行推理.此類題一般針對主題思想、作者意圖而設(shè)計的.所以要特別注意首句、段尾句和表示轉(zhuǎn)折或因果關(guān)系的一些詞,如:but,however,yet,in short,as,although,as a result,because,since,therefore,thus,so等。
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