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2103年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀鞏固
Stimulating the brain with rapid pulses of electricity can improve your ability to perform mental arithmetic for up to six months, a new study has shown.
一項(xiàng)新的研究顯示，用電流速脈沖刺激大腦可以提高你的心算能力，效果可長(zhǎng)達(dá)六個(gè)月。
For anyone who struggles with dividing the bill at the end of a meal, there is now a way to give your brain a boost.
對(duì)于那些餐后與賬單苦苦斗爭(zhēng)的人們來(lái)說(shuō)，這是給你的大腦一個(gè)推動(dòng)力的好方法。
Scientists have shown they can improve people’s ability to perform mental arithmetic for up to six months by giving them a short course of harmless electrical stimulation on their scalps.
科學(xué)家已經(jīng)表示，他們能夠通過(guò)無(wú)害的電流沖刺激頭皮，提高人們長(zhǎng)達(dá)六個(gè)月的心算能力。
Volunteers who received rapid pulses of electrical current – equivalent to that from an AA battery – for just 20 minutes a day for five days saw their ability to solve calculations improve by 28 per cent.
持續(xù)五天每天20分鐘接受電流刺激（相當(dāng)于AA電池）的志愿者，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的計(jì)算能力提升了28%。
The enhancement, which made them faster at carrying out sums and other mathematical tasks, lasted for up to six months after receiving the electrical treatment.
這種提升在接受電擊后持續(xù)了六個(gè)月，使得志愿者在計(jì)算總數(shù)時(shí)和其他數(shù)學(xué)工作中更快速。
The researchers, who are based at the University of Oxford, believe stimulating the brain in this way could be used to help people who struggle with performing mental arithmetic.
主要來(lái)自牛津大學(xué)的研究人員相信，以這種方式刺激大腦可以幫助那些在心算上苦苦掙扎的人們。
Around a fifth of the population are thought to struggle with mental arithmetic while one in 20 suffer from dyscalculia – a learning disability involving numbers that is similar to dyslexia.
據(jù)悉約有五分之一的人在與心算作斗爭(zhēng)，而二十分之一的人忍受著計(jì)算障礙，這是一種涉及數(shù)字的學(xué)習(xí)障礙，與語(yǔ)言障礙類似。
Dr Roi Cohen Kadosh, a cognitive neuroscientist who led the study, said he hoped to develop devices that could be used to help students in classrooms and elderly people.
負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)課題的是認(rèn)知神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)家瑞歐-科恩-卡多什博士，他表示希望開(kāi)發(fā)出幫助學(xué)生和年長(zhǎng)者的裝置。
He said: “The amount of electricity we are applying is very small and totally painless. Most people asked us if the device was even working because they couldn’t feel it.The current appears to enhance the neurons ability to process information by making them more efficient.
他說(shuō)：“我們用的電流量非常小，而且完全不疼。很多人都問(wèn)我們裝置是否在工作，因?yàn)樗麄兏杏X(jué)不到。這個(gè)電流似乎提高了神經(jīng)元處理信息并使其更有效的能力。”
“We hope that these techniques will one day be used in the clinic, classrooms and even at home to help those who struggle with certain cognitive tasks.We are looking at using stimulation with educational games to help a child who is falling behind in class or to help elderly patients.”
“我們希望這些技術(shù)有一天可以用于臨床、教室甚至家中，來(lái)幫助那些在認(rèn)知工作中苦苦掙扎的人們。我們考慮和教育游戲一起使用這種刺激，來(lái)幫助班里落后的小朋友或者幫助年長(zhǎng)的患者。”
Dr Cohen Kadosh and his team, whose work is published in the journal of Current Biology, asked 25 students to carry out calculations and learn mathematical facts – such as a times table – for 20 minutes each day.
科恩-卡多什博士和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)要求25個(gè)學(xué)生每天進(jìn)行計(jì)算并學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)實(shí)例20分鐘（例如時(shí)間表）。這一他們的成果已經(jīng)在《當(dāng)代生物》期刊上發(fā)表。
Just over half of the students were given the electrical current – known as transcranial random noise stimulation – as they performed the tasks, while the others were not.
當(dāng)執(zhí)行任務(wù)時(shí)，略過(guò)半的學(xué)生接受了電流刺激，這個(gè)過(guò)程被稱為經(jīng)顱隨機(jī)嗓音刺激，而其他人沒(méi)有。
Those that were treated with the electricity, which was applied by attaching two electrodes to their scalp, improved in their ability to perform mental arithmetic after a five days.
那些接受了電流刺激的人，五天后處理心算問(wèn)題能力有所提高，他們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)在頭皮上連著兩個(gè)電極。
They were found to be up to 28 per cent better when asked to carry out calculations compared to those who had not received any electrical current.When they were tested again six months later, the improvements were found to still be there.
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們?cè)诒灰筮M(jìn)行計(jì)算時(shí)，比那些沒(méi)有接受電流刺激的學(xué)生要好28%。當(dāng)他們六個(gè)月后進(jìn)行測(cè)驗(yàn)時(shí)，這種提高依然存在。
The electrical by increasing the activity of neurons in the brain, helping to train them much like a muscle can be trained to become stronger and tire less easily.
這種電流刺激通過(guò)提高大腦神經(jīng)元的活躍性來(lái)起作用，幫助來(lái)訓(xùn)練那些神經(jīng)元，類似于肌肉可以被鍛煉得更強(qiáng)壯并更不容易累那樣。
Over time this helps to improve the efficiency of the neurons so they too can perform tasks more easily.
久而久之，這有助于提高神經(jīng)元的效率，從而他們可以更輕松的來(lái)執(zhí)行任務(wù)。
Dr Cohen Kadosh warned, however, that people should not attempt to apply electrical stimulation themselves as they could do more harm than good.
然而，科恩-卡多什教授也警告說(shuō)，人們不能自己來(lái)使用電流刺激，因?yàn)檫@樣做弊大于利。
He added: “Our data shows that we may be effecting molecular aspects of the neurons which may explain why there is this long lasting affect.”
他補(bǔ)充道：“我們的數(shù)據(jù)表明，經(jīng)元的分子特征，這可以解釋為什么會(huì)有持久的效果。”
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